Nutrition final Exam

Question 1

Why are ruminants able to use structural carbohydrates more efficiently than nonruminants

Answer 1

The rumen is a fermentation system. The microbes can breakdown cellulose to VFAs

Question 2

Briefly describe how cellulose is degraded in the rumen and include the major products of cellulose degradation

Answer 2

Cellulose —> cell —->
Cell (slow) —> glucose —-> VFAs

Major products: acetate, propionate, butyrate —> absorbed by the papillae

Question 3

List the routes of water inputs and outputs in a sheep maintained in a thermal-neutral environment

Answer 3

Inputs: drinking, feed, metabolic
Outputs: feces, urine, insensible: skin, lungs

Question 4

Which route of water output accounts for the greatest proportion of water loss

Answer 4

Insensible loss via the lungs

Question 5

Which property of water enables it to be such a great physiological solvent

Answer 5

Property polar compound

Question 6

True or false: glucose and galactose are geoisomers

Answer 6

False

Question 7

True or false: pancreatic amylase breaks alpha 1-4 bonds in starch

Answer 7

True

Question 8

How many carbons does fructose contain

Answer 8

6

Question 9

True or false: amylopectin has alpha 1-2 branching points

Answer 9

False

Question 10

True or false: C6H12O6 is the empirical formulae for mannose

Answer 10

True

Question 11

Name 2 monosaccharides in sucrose

Answer 11

Glucose
Fructose

Question 12

True or false: glucose and fructose have same number of carbons

Answer 12

True

Question 13

True or false: the alpha 1,6 linkage in amylopectin links two glucose molecules

Answer 13

True

Question 14

Glucose is a

Answer 14

Hexose

Question 15

True or false: cellobiose is two glucose molecules linked via a beta 1,6 bond

Answer 15

False

Question 16

Lactose monosaccharides produced during hydrolysis

Answer 16

Glucose
Galactose

Question 17

Maltose monosaccharides produced during hydrolysis

Answer 17

Glucose
Glucose

Question 18

Sucrose monosaccharides produced during hydrolysis

Answer 18

Glucose
Fructose

Question 19

List the 10 amino acids considered to be dietarily indispensable or essential

Answer 19

Phenylalanine
Valine
Threonine
Tryptophan
Isoleucine
Methionine
Histidine
Arginine
Leucine
Lysine

Question 20

Describe the biological roles of vitamin A

Answer 20

Involved in the light vision process. It is also involved in the maintenance of certain epithelium tissues

Question 21

What are the 3 major chemical forms of vitamin A

Answer 21

Retinoic acid
Retinol
Retinal

Question 22

Name the major compound that bile acids are synthesized from

Answer 22

Cholesterol

Question 23

What is the biological role of bile acids

Answer 23

Help transport the products of lipid digestion through the polar environment to the apical surface of the enterocyte

Question 24

Why are polyunsaturated fatty acids more susceptible to oxidative damage than saturated fatty acids

Answer 24

Because of the double bonds

Question 25

Why is the maximum amount it added Se limited to no greater than 0.3 ppm

Answer 25

Because of the concern with toxicity

Question 26

True or false: there is no vitamin C requirement for horses

Answer 26

True

Question 27

True or false: niacin can be synthesized from the amino acids leucine

Answer 27

False. Synthesized from menadione

Question 28

What vitamin is involved in the blood-clotting process

Answer 28

vitamin k

Question 29

Name the 3 major categories that dietary energy can be partitioned into

Answer 29

Water Hear Tissue/product

Question 30

True or false: iodine value is a measure of the degree of saturation in fatty acids

Answer 30

False. It is a measure of unsaturation

Question 31

Identify the nutrient deficiencies associated with microcytic anemia

Answer 31

Accept fe, cu

Question 32

Identify the nutrient deficiencies associated with macrocytic anemia

Answer 32

Vitamin B12

Question 33

Describe how a nutrient antagonist functions

Answer 33

It can bind to enzymes, but it will not elicit a metabolic response

Question 34

Explain the relationship between iodine value and the degree of unsaturation

Answer 34

As iodine value increases, the degree of unsaturation increases

Question 35

Parakeratosis is a deficiency symptom associated with which trace mineral

Answer 35

Zn

Question 36

Why are skin problems commonly observed with nutrient deficiencies

Answer 36

Skin has a high rate of turnover

Question 37

What are 3 ways that active vitamin D regulates blood Ca and P concentrations

Answer 37

GIT - absorption Kidney - PO4 reabsorption Bone - mobilization into blood

Question 38

Describe the metabolic functions of vitamin K

Answer 38

Blood clotting

Question 39

What is the major biological function of Se

Answer 39

Antioxidant

Question 40

What enzyme is Se a cofactor for

Answer 40

Glutathione peroxidase

Question 41

True or false: iron is a component of vitamin B12

Answer 41

False

Question 42

True or false: niacin can be synthesized from the amino acid threonine

Answer 42

False

Question 43

What vitamin is associated with the deficiency termed black tongue in dogs

Answer 43

Niacin

Question 44

True or false: saponification is a measure of the degree of unsaturation in fatty acids

Answer 44

False

Question 45

True or false: vitamin D can be synthesized from bile acids

Answer 45

False

Question 46

Cottonseed concern

Answer 46

Pigment: gosspol Toxic

Question 47

Cottonseed advantage

Answer 47

Increase oil and crude protein Great for ruminants because of the good amount of undegradeable protein

Question 48

Blood products advantage

Answer 48

High in protein Good amino acid profile for non-ruminants

Question 49

Blood product concern

Answer 49

Sensible to heat

Question 50

Dry milling process removes

Answer 50

Search and forms ethanol Remaining concentrated materials combine with protein to get WDGS DDGS

Question 51

What demand for a nutrient are directly proportional to the requirement

Answer 51

Biological

Question 52

Specifying nutrient requirements will require

Answer 52

Identifying the species Determining the type of feeding system in use

Question 53

Animal is most efficient

Answer 53

Below the requirement