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Animal Nutrition > Nutrition final Exam > Flashcards

Nutrition final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Why are ruminants able to use structural carbohydrates more efficiently than nonruminants

A

The rumen is a fermentation system. The microbes can breakdown cellulose to VFAs

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2
Q

Briefly describe how cellulose is degraded in the rumen and include the major products of cellulose degradation

A

Cellulose —> cell —->
Cell (slow) —> glucose —-> VFAs

Major products: acetate, propionate, butyrate —> absorbed by the papillae

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3
Q

List the routes of water inputs and outputs in a sheep maintained in a thermal-neutral environment

A

Inputs: drinking, feed, metabolic
Outputs: feces, urine, insensible: skin, lungs

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4
Q

Which route of water output accounts for the greatest proportion of water loss

A

Insensible loss via the lungs

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5
Q

Which property of water enables it to be such a great physiological solvent

A

Property polar compound

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6
Q

True or false: glucose and galactose are geoisomers

A

False

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7
Q

True or false: pancreatic amylase breaks alpha 1-4 bonds in starch

A

True

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8
Q

How many carbons does fructose contain

A

6

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9
Q

True or false: amylopectin has alpha 1-2 branching points

A

False

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10
Q

True or false: C6H12O6 is the empirical formulae for mannose

A

True

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11
Q

Name 2 monosaccharides in sucrose

A

Glucose
Fructose

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12
Q

True or false: glucose and fructose have same number of carbons

A

True

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13
Q

True or false: the alpha 1,6 linkage in amylopectin links two glucose molecules

A

True

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14
Q

Glucose is a

A

Hexose

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15
Q

True or false: cellobiose is two glucose molecules linked via a beta 1,6 bond

A

False

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16
Q

Lactose monosaccharides produced during hydrolysis

A

Glucose
Galactose

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17
Q

Maltose monosaccharides produced during hydrolysis

A

Glucose
Glucose

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18
Q

Sucrose monosaccharides produced during hydrolysis

A

Glucose
Fructose

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19
Q

List the 10 amino acids considered to be dietarily indispensable or essential

A

Phenylalanine
Valine
Threonine
Tryptophan
Isoleucine
Methionine
Histidine
Arginine
Leucine
Lysine

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20
Q

Describe the biological roles of vitamin A

A

Involved in the light vision process. It is also involved in the maintenance of certain epithelium tissues

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21
Q

What are the 3 major chemical forms of vitamin A

A

Retinoic acid
Retinol
Retinal

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22
Q

Name the major compound that bile acids are synthesized from

A

Cholesterol

23
Q

What is the biological role of bile acids

A

Help transport the products of lipid digestion through the polar environment to the apical surface of the enterocyte

24
Q

Why are polyunsaturated fatty acids more susceptible to oxidative damage than saturated fatty acids

A

Because of the double bonds

25
Q

Why is the maximum amount it added Se limited to no greater than 0.3 ppm

A

Because of the concern with toxicity

26
Q

True or false: there is no vitamin C requirement for horses

A

True

27
Q

True or false: niacin can be synthesized from the amino acids leucine

A

False. Synthesized from menadione

28
Q

What vitamin is involved in the blood-clotting process

A

vitamin k

29
Q

Name the 3 major categories that dietary energy can be partitioned into

A

Water
Hear
Tissue/product

30
Q

True or false: iodine value is a measure of the degree of saturation in fatty acids

A

False. It is a measure of unsaturation

31
Q

Identify the nutrient deficiencies associated with microcytic anemia

A

Accept fe, cu

32
Q

Identify the nutrient deficiencies associated with macrocytic anemia

A

Vitamin B12

33
Q

Describe how a nutrient antagonist functions

A

It can bind to enzymes, but it will not elicit a metabolic response

34
Q

Explain the relationship between iodine value and the degree of unsaturation

A

As iodine value increases, the degree of unsaturation increases

35
Q

Parakeratosis is a deficiency symptom associated with which trace mineral

A

Zn

36
Q

Why are skin problems commonly observed with nutrient deficiencies

A

Skin has a high rate of turnover

37
Q

What are 3 ways that active vitamin D regulates blood Ca and P concentrations

A

GIT - absorption
Kidney - PO4 reabsorption
Bone - mobilization into blood

38
Q

Describe the metabolic functions of vitamin K

A

Blood clotting

39
Q

What is the major biological function of Se

A

Antioxidant

40
Q

What enzyme is Se a cofactor for

A

Glutathione peroxidase

41
Q

True or false: iron is a component of vitamin B12

A

False

42
Q

True or false: niacin can be synthesized from the amino acid threonine

A

False

43
Q

What vitamin is associated with the deficiency termed black tongue in dogs

A

Niacin

44
Q

True or false: saponification is a measure of the degree of unsaturation in fatty acids

A

False

45
Q

True or false: vitamin D can be synthesized from bile acids

A

False

46
Q

Cottonseed concern

A

Pigment: gosspol
Toxic

47
Q

Cottonseed advantage

A

Increase oil and crude protein
Great for ruminants because of the good amount of undegradeable protein

48
Q

Blood products advantage

A

High in protein
Good amino acid profile for non-ruminants

49
Q

Blood product concern

A

Sensible to heat

50
Q

Dry milling process removes

A

Search and forms ethanol
Remaining concentrated materials combine with protein to get WDGS DDGS

51
Q

What demand for a nutrient are directly proportional to the requirement

A

Biological

52
Q

Specifying nutrient requirements will require

A

Identifying the species
Determining the type of feeding system in use

53
Q

Animal is most efficient

A

Below the requirement

Animal Nutrition (3 decks)

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