Nutrition Final Exam

Question 1

water recommendation

Answer 1

1-1.5 L/1000 calories

Question 2

Extracellular

Answer 2

fluid in blood vessels

interstitial fluid

Question 3

Intracellular

Answer 3

fluid in the cells

water loss- 500mL/day

Question 4

dehydration

Answer 4

water output exceed input due to an inadequate intake or excessive losses

Question 5

Outside the cell

Answer 5

Na and Cl

Question 6

inside the cell

Answer 6

potassium, Mg, phosphate and sulfate

Question 7

osmosis

Answer 7

movement of water across the membrane

Question 8

kidney

Answer 8

maintains water balance

direction from hypothalamus

Question 9

thirst

Answer 9

conscious desire to drink

Question 10

RAAS

Answer 10

renin, angiotensin, aldosterone system

Question 11

RAAS process

Answer 11

1. hypothalamus tells pituitary gland to release ADH
   stimulates kidneys to absorb more H2O
2. Renin is released from Kidneys
   absorbs Na and H2O
   hydrolyzes angiotensinogen
3. angiotensinogen to angiotensin 1
   constricts blood vessels
   releases aldosterone from adrenal glands and pituitary gland
4. Aldosterone retains Na levels and excrete potassium to constrict blood vessels

Question 12

Minerals

Answer 12

wate and acid-base balance

Question 13

mettaloenzymes

Answer 13

enzyme with a mineral component

Question 14

sodium

Answer 14

nerve impulse transmission and muscle contraction

UL-2300 mg

Question 15

hypertension

Answer 15

high sodium intake caused

Question 16

Normal blood pressure

Answer 16

120/80 systolic/diastolic

Question 17

potassium

Answer 17

fluid balance and lower blood sugar

Question 18

dash diet

Answer 18

high fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, seeds

Question 19

processed foods

Answer 19

higher in sodium

Question 20

unprocessed foods

Answer 20

higher in potassium

Question 21

calcium

Answer 21

most abundant mineral in body
Blood Ca stays in balance in expense to bone Ca
muscle contraction

Question 22

osteoclast

Answer 22

breaks down bone

Question 23

osteoblast

Answer 23

building up bone

Question 24

rise in blood calcium

Answer 24

calcitonin A

Question 25

fall in blood calcium

Answer 25

parathyroid hormone and vitamin D

Question 26

osteoporosis

Answer 26

low bone mass | causes of low bone mass- age, Vitamin D deficiency, smoking

Question 27

cortical bone

Answer 27

75-80% total bone- loss after age 40

Question 28

trabecular

Answer 28

stores Ca (20-25% total bone)

Question 29

peak bone mass

Answer 29

in the 20s

Question 30

Iron

Answer 30

ferrous (++) vs ferric (+++) iron

Question 31

heme structure

Answer 31

attracts oxygen | only in foods with animal origin

Question 32

non heme sources

Answer 32

plant sources | vegetables and enriched grains

Question 33

Liver

Answer 33

transferrin

Question 34

ferritin

Answer 34

storage

Question 35

hemosiderin

Answer 35

long term iron storage

Question 36

iron deficiency

Answer 36

depleted iron stores in the liver ferratin is diminished transferrin increases

Question 37

hemochromatosis

Answer 37

iron overload | risk of diabetes and liver cancer

Question 38

zinc

Answer 38

regulate immune function, motor and cognitive development

Question 39

zinc deficiency

Answer 39

growth retardation and delayed sexual maturity

Question 40

iodine

Answer 40

part of thyroid hormone regulates body temp and muscle function abundant in seafood

Question 41

iodine deficiency

Answer 41

body produces more thyroid stimulating hormone to accelerate iodide intake

Question 42

cretinism

Answer 42

thyroid deficiency in pregnancy causes severe physical retardation in babies

Question 43

fluoride

Answer 43

strengthens bones and teeth

Question 44

fluorisis

Answer 44

discoloration of teeth (excess of fluoride

Question 45

selenium

Answer 45

blocks formation of free radicals

Question 46

copper

Answer 46

hemoglobic formation and energy metabolism

Question 47

chromium

Answer 47

carb and lipid metabolism