Nutrition for Reproductive Health and Lactation Flashcards
(28 cards)
infertility
inability to conceive within 12 months of attempting pregnancy
subfertility
women who have had 2-3 pregnancy losses or who ovulate infrequently or men with sperm abnormality
lifestyle changes to increase fertility
weight (lose if over, gain if under)
don’t smoke
limit alcohol intake
female diet changes to increase fertility
vitamin D, multivitamin with folic acid, iron, protein, eat more PUFA, consume less caffeine
male diet changes to increase fertility
vitamin D, calcium, vitamin C, zinc, more low glycemic index foods
less caffeine, animal protein, soy
nutrients that are good for the brain an NS in the preconceptual perio
iron zinc iodine PUFA vtiamin A, B6, B12 folate copper selenium protein
nutrients that are good for placental function and structure in the preconceptual period
iron PUFA vitamins E, C, B12 folate zinc selenium copper
nutrients that help with inflammation and immune function in the preconceptual period
vitamins A, A
zinc
fatty acids
nutrients that help with oxidative stress during the preconceptual period
vitamins C, C, B6, B12
folate
nutrients that help with embryogenesis during the preconceptual period
vitamins A, B6, B12
folate
zinc
pregnancy physiology in the blood
increase in blood volume
water-soluble components decrease
blood lipids increase
pregnancy physiology in the circulatory system
increased heart rate and cardiac output
low BP in first half of pregnancy and high BP later
low Mg and Ca intake associated with higher BP
pregnancy physilogy in the GI
nausea and vomiting
increased transit time (constipation)
heartburn
pregnancy physiology of the kidney
glomerular filtration rate increases by 50%
increased sodium retention
pregnancy physiology of the metabolic system (carbs)
fetus prefers glucose for energy
insulin resistance occurs in 3rd trimester
pregnancy physiology of metabolic system (protein)
increased protein synthesis
decreased nitrogen excretion
pregnancy physiology of metabolic system (fats)
fat storage in first half of pregnancy
mobilization of fats in second half
pregnancy physiology ofmetaolic system (minerals)
enhanced calcium absorption
mobilization from bone
pregnancy physiology of metabolic system (accelerated metabolism)
fasts longer than 12 hours can greatly increased production of ketone bodies
key nutrients for fetal brain development
DHA, ARA, protein, zinc, iron, choline, copper, iodine, vitamin A, folate
intrauterine growth restriction is caused by..?
small placenta (less absorptive surface area) infections HTN preeclampsia malnutrition small maternal size young age substance abuce
what increases risk of miscarriage?
underweight mother
oxidative stress
vitamin E and D deficiency in first trimester
what causes preterm delivery?
oxidative stress
metabolic stress
inflammation
greater caffeine intake
what decreases the risk of preterm delivery?
folic acid supplementation prior to pregnancy
healthy diet patterns
fish (1-3 times/week), veggies, fruits, legumes, whole grains
