Nutrition in Health and Disease

Question 1

What is diet?

Answer 1

Sum total of all ingested foods

Question 2

What are nutrients?

Answer 2

Chemically defined compounds required by the body

Question 3

Why do we choose the food we do?

Answer 3

Likes
Dislikes
Religious and ethical considerations
Social and physiological components

Question 4

What is means by requirement for a nutrient?

Answer 4

The amount required to keep you healthy and prevent deficiency

Question 5

What requires energy demand in our bodies?

Answer 5

Basal requirements
Mechanical work
Substrate turnover

Question 6

Where does 90% of our bodies demands come from?

Answer 6

Cellular work

Question 7

What is nutritional failure?

Answer 7

The failure to meet the nutritional requirements of the body

Question 8

Why might you need an excess in demand of nutrients?

Answer 8

Due to weight gain

Question 9

What is malnutrition?

Answer 9

When there is a mismatch of demand and intake

Question 10

What is the definition of malnutrition?

Answer 10

As state of nutrition in which a deficiency or excess (or imbalance) of energy, protein, and other nutrients, causes measurable adverse effects on tissue / body form, (body size, shape, composition) body function and clinical outcome.

Question 11

Can we make or destroy energy?

Answer 11

No

Question 12

What does excess energy lead to?

Answer 12

Weight gain

Question 13

What does deficient energy intake lead to?

Answer 13

Weight loss

Question 14

What is under nutrition strongly associated with?

Answer 14

Illness

Question 15

How is BMI calculated?

Answer 15

Weight (kg)/ Height squared (m)

Question 16

What is BMI >25?

Answer 16

Overweight

Question 17

What is BMI > 30 ?

Answer 17

Obese

Question 18

What is BMI <20?

Answer 18

Underweight but still normalish

Question 19

What is BMI <18?

Answer 19

Physical impairment

Question 20

What does the MUST scale stand for?

Answer 20

Malnutrition univeraal screening tool

Question 21

What is step 1 of the MUST tool?

Answer 21

Measure height

Measure weight and calculate BMI

Question 22

What score does BMI<20 give?

Answer 22

1

Question 23

What score does BMI <18 give?

Answer 23

2

Question 24

What is step 2 of the MUST score?

Answer 24

Have you lost weight unintentionally in the last 3-6 months

Question 25

If the patient has lost 5% of their body weight unintentionally in the last 3-6 months what score are they given?

Answer 25

1

Question 26

If the patient has lost 10% of their body weight unintentionally in the last 3-6 months what score are they given?

Answer 26

2

Question 27

What is step 3 of the MUST tool?

Answer 27

Has the patient eaten in the last 5 days

Question 28

What score is given if the patient has not eaten in the last 5 days?

Answer 28

2

Question 29

What does a MUST score >2 suggest?

Answer 29

A risk of undernutrition

Question 30

What does a MUST score of 1 suggest?

Answer 30

Supplements and watch closely

Question 31

What does a MUST score of 0 suggest?

Answer 31

Monitor the patient

Question 32

What are the clinical consequences of malnutrition?

Answer 32

``` o Impaired immune response o Reduced muscle strength o Impaired wound healing o Impaired physco-social function o Impaired recovery from illness and surgery o Poorer clinical outcomes ```

Question 33

What requirements should you work out when assessing a patient?

Answer 33

``` Age Weight Sex Disease Activity Nitrogen requirements ```

Question 34

What are some causes of undernutrition?

Answer 34

Appetite failure - caused by anorexia nervosa or disease Access failure - e.g stroke, cancer of head and neck, head injury Intestinal failure - crohn's, coeliac