nutrition in humans

Question 1

alimentary canal consists of…

Answer 1

mouth
oesophagus 
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
rectum

Question 2

associated organs are

Answer 2

liver
gall bladder
pancreas

Question 3

define ingestion

Answer 3

food enters alimentary canal through the mouth

Question 4

define digestion

Answer 4

digested food enters bloodstream

Question 5

define egestion

Answer 5

undigested food is removed from the body

Question 6

define absorption

Answer 6

digested food enters the bloodstream

Question 7

define assimilation

Answer 7

small food molecules enter body cells for usage

Question 8

what does bile do

Answer 8

it emulsifies fats
breaks fat up into tiny fat droplets
thus increases surface area to volume ratio of fats and
increase the efficiency of digestion of fats by lipase

Question 9

what is the function of liver

Answer 9

to produce bile

Question 10

what is the function of gall bladder

Answer 10

to temporarily store bile be4 releasing it into the duodenum

Question 11

what is the function of pancreas

Answer 11

produce pancreatic juices which contains digestive enzymes to perform their functions

Question 12

intestinal juices produces from…

Answer 12

small intestine

Question 13

what enzyme does intestinal juices contain

Answer 13

maltase
protease
lipase

Question 14

pancreatic juices produces from…

Answer 14

pancreas

Question 15

what enzyme does pancreatic juices contain

Answer 15

amylase
protease
lipase

Question 16

physical and chemical function of mouth

Answer 16

physical: chew and grind into smaller pieces
chemical: produces saliva which contains saliva amylase to digest starch into maltose

Question 17

physical and chemical function of stomach

Answer 17

physical: churning of food
chemical: produces gastric juices which contain hydrochloric acid and protease to digest proteins into simpler protein molecules/ polypeptide

Question 18

what does hydrochloric acid in stomach do

Answer 18

to kill harmful microorganisms in food

Question 19

define duodenum

Answer 19

digesting food

Question 20

define ileum

Answer 20

aborbing food

Question 21

what does small intestine contain (in terms of juices)

Answer 21

intestinal juices

pancreatic juices

Question 22

chemical function of small intestine

Answer 22

amylase digest starch to maltose & maltase digest maltose into glucose
protease digest polypeptides into amino acids
lipase digest lipids into glycerol and fatty acids

Question 23

why is the breakdown necessary in digestion

Answer 23

so that it is small enough to pass into the bloodstream

Question 24

what is the function of large intestine

Answer 24

to absorb water and mineral salts

Question 25

what is the function of rectum

Answer 25

to store faeces

Question 26

what is the function of the wall of small intestine when the inner surface of small intestine is folded

Answer 26

it increases the surface area to volume ratio and | increase the rate of absorption of nutrients

Question 27

what is the function of the wall of small intestine when it has villi

Answer 27

it increases the surface area to volume ratio and | increase the rate of absorption of nutrients

Question 28

what is the function of the wall of small intestine when it is long

Answer 28

it has sufficient time for food to be completely digested and absorbed(by diffusion)

Question 29

what is the function of the hepatic portal vein

Answer 29

transports absorbed nutrients rich-bood to liver

Question 30

hepatic portal vein has a higher concentration of...

Answer 30

glucose and amino acids as compared to other parts of the body

Question 31

what are the 4 functions of the liver

Answer 31

1) bile production 2) deamination of excess amino acids 3) detoxification of alcohol 4) regulation of blood glucose concentration

Question 32

explain the process of deamination of excess amino acids

Answer 32

it converts excess amino acids into urea to remove from the body remains of deamination amino acids is converted into glucose excess glucose is stored as glycogen in the liver

Question 33

what happens if there is too much glucose in the blood (heavy meal)

Answer 33

pancreas secretes insulin in the liver, glucose converts into glycogen thus blood glucose level decreases and goes back to normal

Question 34

what happens if there is too little glucose in the blood (have not eaten in a period of time)

Answer 34

pancreas secretes insulin in the liver, glycogen converts into glucose thus blood glucose level increases and goes back to normal

Question 35

explain how detoxification of alcohol works

Answer 35

converting harmful subs into harmless ones

Question 36

explain how regulation of blood glucose concentration works

Answer 36

keeping the amount of glucose in the blood constant

Question 37

explain the process of emulsification and the adaptations

Answer 37

the emulsification of fats breaks fat up into tiny fat droplets it increases the surface area to volume ratio of fats and increase the efficiency of digestion of fats by lipase