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z-biology > nutrition in humans > Flashcards

nutrition in humans Flashcards

1
Q

alimentary canal consists of…

A 
mouth
oesophagus 
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
rectum
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2
Q

associated organs are

A

liver
gall bladder
pancreas

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3
Q

define ingestion

A

food enters alimentary canal through the mouth

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4
Q

define digestion

A

digested food enters bloodstream

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5
Q

define egestion

A

undigested food is removed from the body

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6
Q

define absorption

A

digested food enters the bloodstream

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7
Q

define assimilation

A

small food molecules enter body cells for usage

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8
Q

what does bile do

A

it emulsifies fats
breaks fat up into tiny fat droplets
thus increases surface area to volume ratio of fats and
increase the efficiency of digestion of fats by lipase

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9
Q

what is the function of liver

A

to produce bile

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10
Q

what is the function of gall bladder

A

to temporarily store bile be4 releasing it into the duodenum

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11
Q

what is the function of pancreas

A

produce pancreatic juices which contains digestive enzymes to perform their functions

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12
Q

intestinal juices produces from…

A

small intestine

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13
Q

what enzyme does intestinal juices contain

A

maltase
protease
lipase

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14
Q

pancreatic juices produces from…

A

pancreas

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15
Q

what enzyme does pancreatic juices contain

A

amylase
protease
lipase

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16
Q

physical and chemical function of mouth

A

physical: chew and grind into smaller pieces
chemical: produces saliva which contains saliva amylase to digest starch into maltose

17
Q

physical and chemical function of stomach

A

physical: churning of food
chemical: produces gastric juices which contain hydrochloric acid and protease to digest proteins into simpler protein molecules/ polypeptide

18
Q

what does hydrochloric acid in stomach do

A

to kill harmful microorganisms in food

19
Q

define duodenum

A

digesting food

20
Q

define ileum

A

aborbing food

21
Q

what does small intestine contain (in terms of juices)

A

intestinal juices

pancreatic juices

22
Q

chemical function of small intestine

A

amylase digest starch to maltose & maltase digest maltose into glucose
protease digest polypeptides into amino acids
lipase digest lipids into glycerol and fatty acids

23
Q

why is the breakdown necessary in digestion

A

so that it is small enough to pass into the bloodstream

24
Q

what is the function of large intestine

A

to absorb water and mineral salts

25
Q

what is the function of rectum

A

to store faeces

26
Q

what is the function of the wall of small intestine when the inner surface of small intestine is folded

A

it increases the surface area to volume ratio and

increase the rate of absorption of nutrients

27
Q

what is the function of the wall of small intestine when it has villi

A

it increases the surface area to volume ratio and

increase the rate of absorption of nutrients

28
Q

what is the function of the wall of small intestine when it is long

A

it has sufficient time for food to be completely digested and absorbed(by diffusion)

29
Q

what is the function of the hepatic portal vein

A

transports absorbed nutrients rich-bood to liver

30
Q

hepatic portal vein has a higher concentration of…

A

glucose and amino acids as compared to other parts of the body

31
Q

what are the 4 functions of the liver

A

1) bile production
2) deamination of excess amino acids
3) detoxification of alcohol
4) regulation of blood glucose concentration

32
Q

explain the process of deamination of excess amino acids

A

it converts excess amino acids into urea to remove from the body
remains of deamination amino acids is converted into glucose
excess glucose is stored as glycogen in the liver

33
Q

what happens if there is too much glucose in the blood (heavy meal)

A

pancreas secretes insulin
in the liver, glucose converts into glycogen
thus blood glucose level decreases and goes back to normal

34
Q

what happens if there is too little glucose in the blood (have not eaten in a period of time)

A

pancreas secretes insulin
in the liver, glycogen converts into glucose
thus blood glucose level increases and goes back to normal

35
Q

explain how detoxification of alcohol works

A

converting harmful subs into harmless ones

36
Q

explain how regulation of blood glucose concentration works

A

keeping the amount of glucose in the blood constant

37
Q

explain the process of emulsification and the adaptations

A

the emulsification of fats breaks fat up into tiny fat droplets
it increases the surface area to volume ratio of fats and
increase the efficiency of digestion of fats by lipase

z-biology (11 decks)

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