respiration in humans

Question 1

what are the 2 characteristics of alveoli

Answer 1

gaseous exchange happens (diffusion)

capillaries from pulmonary artery supply oxygen poor blood to the alveoli

Question 2

what are the 3 adaptations to enable the efficiency of gases

Answer 2

thin film of moisture
one cell thick, wall of the alveoli
walls of the alveoli, richly supplied with blood capillaries

Question 3

what is the function of thin film of moisture

Answer 3

allows oxygen to dissolve in before diffusing into the bloodstream

Question 4

what is the function of one cell thick

Answer 4

very short diffusion distance for gases to enter/ exit the bloodstream

Question 5

what is the function of walls of the alveoli, richly supplied with blood capillaries

Answer 5

flow of blood maintains the concentration gradient of gases

Question 6

what gases diffuses out of the bloodstream and into the alveoli

Answer 6

carbon dioxide

Question 7

what gas diffuses in the bloodstream

Answer 7

oxygen

Question 8

what are the 4 effects of tobacco smoke

Answer 8

nicotine
tar
dust particles
carbon monoxide

Question 9

what are the chemical properties of nicotine

Answer 9

an addictive drug
releases adrenaline = energetic
makes blood clot easily

Question 10

what are the chemical properties of carbon monoxide

Answer 10

combine with haemoglobin to form carboxyhaemoglobin

increase rate of fatty deposits in inner walls of coronary artery

Question 11

what are the chemical properties of tar

Answer 11

uncontrolled cell division

paralyses cilia lining the trachea and bronchi

Question 12

what are the chemical properties of dust particles

Answer 12

paralyses cilia lining the trachea and bronchi

Question 13

what is cilia

Answer 13

it is hair like that brush up the mucus to the nose, if necessary

Question 14

what are the 3 respiratory disease

Answer 14

chronic bronchitis
emphysema
lung cancer

Question 15

what is chronic bronchitis

Answer 15

it is where the airway is inflamed
excessive mucus secretion
cilia lining of the airway is paralysed

Question 16

what is emphysema

Answer 16

walls of alvoeoli break due to violent coughs

= reduction of surface area available for gaseous exchange

Question 17

what are the symptoms of chronic bronchitis

Answer 17

difficulty in breathing

persistent coughing

Question 18

what are the symptoms of emphysema

Answer 18

difficulty in breathing

wheezing

Question 19

what is lung cancer

Answer 19

uncontrolled cell division of cells producing outgrowths

or lump of tissues

Question 20

larynx consists of

Answer 20

voice box and vocal chords

Question 21

which organ in the respiratory system allows the expansion of lungs during breathing

Answer 21

ribs and diaphragm

Question 22

aerobic respiration equation

Answer 22

glucose + oxygen –> CO2 + H2O + large amt of energy

Question 23

anaerobic respiration equation

Answer 23

glucose –> lactic acid + small amt of energy

Question 24

when exercising vigorously, is aerobic respiration gives off enough energy?

Answer 24

nope as it may not meet the demand required for muscle cells

Question 25

what is limited by our breathing and heart rate

Answer 25

amount of oxygen that is transported to our muscle cells

Question 26

when exercising vigorously, where does aerobic and anaerobic respiration occur in our body?

Answer 26

it occurs in our muscle cells

Question 27

what is lactic acid

Answer 27

build up of lactic acid decreases the pH of our blood

Question 28

where is lactic acid transported

Answer 28

it is transported from the bloodstream to the liver | it is converted back into glucose

Question 29

what is oxygen dept

Answer 29

it is the amount of oxygen needed to convert lactic acid to glucose after exercise thus breathing and heart rate remain high for a while to repay oxygen to provide the large amt of oxygen that the body still requires

Question 30

aerobic respiration occurs in which part of a cell

Answer 30

mitochondria

Question 31

what are the effects of nicotine on the body

Answer 31

increase heart rate of heartbeat and blood pressure | increase risk of blood clots in arteries and coronary heart disease

Question 32

what are the effects of carbon monoxide on the body

Answer 32

reduce the ability of blood to carry oxygen | narrows lumen of arteries and increases blood pressure and coronary heart disease

Question 33

what are the effects of tar on the body

Answer 33

increase risk of lung cancer | dust particles trapped in mucus air passage, cannot be removed = increase risk of chronic bronchitis and emphysema

Question 34

what are the effects of dust particles on the body

Answer 34

increase risk of chronic bronchitis and emphysema

Question 35

what causes fatigue and muscular pain

Answer 35

the build up of lactic acid

Question 36

where does the lactic acid removed from

Answer 36

it is removed from the muscles and transported to the liver

Question 37

when all the lactic acid is converted, is the oxygen dept repaid?

Answer 37

yes