transport in humans

Question 1

what is the 2 main function of blood

Answer 1

to transport substances around the body and
to protect our body from infections

Question 2

blood is made out of 4 components. what are they?

Answer 2

red blood cells
white blood cells
platelets
plasma

Question 3

the function of red blood cells

Answer 3

transports oxygen throughout the body

Question 4

the function of white blood cells

Answer 4

ingests and destroys foreign particles through phagocytosis (the process of engulfing foreign substance)

Question 5

the function of platelets

Answer 5

prevent excessive blood loos through blood clotting

Question 6

the function of plasma

Answer 6

transport various substances around the body
such as blood cells, ions, soluble food substances, hormones, dissolved carbon dioxide, vitamins, urea etc etc
allow diffusion and exchange of substance

Question 7

describe blood clotting

Answer 7

damaged blood vessels activates platelets
then they convert plasma protein fibrinogen to fibrin
fibrin strands from a mesh of fibres arnd the platelet plug and traps blood cells to form a clot

Question 8

the circulatory system consists of…

Answer 8

the heart and blood vessels

Question 9

the heart is a muscular pump that…

Answer 9

circulates blood throughout the body

Question 10

what are the 3 main types of blood vessels

Answer 10

arteries, veins and capillaries

Question 11

the wall thickness of arteries

Answer 11

thick wall, muscular elastic tissue

Question 12

the wall thickness of veins

Answer 12

thin & less elastic tissue

Question 13

the wall thickness of capillaries

Answer 13

one-cell thick

Question 14

the function of valves

Answer 14

prevent back flow of blood

Question 15

are there valves in the arteries

Answer 15

absent

Question 16

are there valves in the vein

Answer 16

present

Question 17

are there valves in the capillaries

Answer 17

absent

Question 18

how big is the lumen in the arteries

Answer 18

small lumen relative to a diameter

Question 19

how big is the lumen in the vein

Answer 19

large lumen relative to a diameter

Question 20

how big is the lumen in the capillaries

Answer 20

largest lumen relative to a diameter

Question 21

high or low pressure of blood flow in arteries

Answer 21

high pressure

Question 22

pulmonary - ?
hepatic - ?
renal - ?

Answer 22

pulmonary - lungs
hepatic - liver
renal - kidney

Question 23

what is the largest vein in the body

Answer 23

vena cava

Question 24

what is the largest artery in the body

Answer 24

aorta

Question 25

tricuspid valve is in the right or left atrium

Answer 25

right atrium

Question 26

bicuspid valve

Answer 26

left atrium

Question 27

function of semi lunar valves

Answer 27

prevents back flow of blood into ventricles when the ventricles relax

Question 28

function of tricuspid valve

Answer 28

prevents back flow of blood into right atrium when right ventricle contracts

Question 29

function of bicuspid valve

Answer 29

prevents back flow of blood into left atrium when left ventricles contracts

Question 30

function of pulmonary artery

Answer 30

brings deoxygenated blood to the lungs for

Question 31

function of pulmonary vein

Answer 31

brings oxygenated blood back to the heart from

Question 32

why does the muscular walls of the left side of the heart muscles has to be thicker?

Answer 32

as the left ventricle pump blood to the systematic circulation and the right ventricle pump blood to the nearby lungs

Question 33

describe coronary heart disease

Answer 33

it is the build up of fatty acids in the inner walls of the coronary artery and disrupts the flow of blood to the heart muscles. resulting in the blood of flow to the heart muscles reduced = lack of oxygen and nutrients = death of heart muscles, led to heart attack

Question 34

what are the 3 factors that caused coronary heart disease

Answer 34

smoking emotional stress diet rich in fats and cholestrol

Question 35

what are the 3 ways to prevent coronary heart disease

Answer 35

healthy diet proper management of stress regular exercise

Question 36

what is the antibodies called in white blood cells

Answer 36

lymphocytes

Question 37

what is the function of lymphocytes

Answer 37

it protects the body by destroying bacteria

Question 38

what is the function of phagocytes

Answer 38

it undergoes a process called phagocytosis where it engulfs and ingest foreign particles

Question 39

arteries carries blood...

Answer 39

away

Question 40

veins carries blood...

Answer 40

towards