Nutrition in pregnancy Flashcards
(23 cards)
What is low birth weight linked to?
CVD, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome
What does foetal undernutrition in late gestation lead to?
Disproportionate foetal growth, coronary heart disease
How much weight do pregnant women put on?
10-12.5 kg
What is excessive weight gain associated with?
Complications in pregnancy, labour and obesity
What is BMR?
Basal metabolic rate
What is TEF?
Thermic Effect of Food
What is a critical period in pregnancy?
Intense development and cell division
How to get folic acid
Fruits and green leafy vegetables
When is folic acid essential?
3 weeks of pregnancy
Which type of vitamin is folic acid?
B
Why is folate needed?
DNA synthesis, amino acid metabolism, methylation of genes proteins and lipids
Deficiency of folate
Spina bifida and anencephaly
Why is extra iron needed in pregnancy?
Foetal growth/development, placental growth, expansion of mother’s RBC mass, loss of blood in labour
Severe vitamin D deficiency in mother
Rickeys
Symptoms of congenital rickets
It causes soft and weak bones, symptoms include bowed legs, stunted growth and bone pain
Why might a mother have less vitamin D?
Osteomalacia, coeliac condition, malabsorption and pre-eclampsia
How is vitamin D produced?
Cholesterol gets converts to pre-vitamin D3 by UB sun
Pre-vitamin D3 activated in liver and kidney = vitamin D
Why is vitamin A good?
- Promotes vision, protein synthesis, cell differentiation, supports reproduction and growth, immune system
- Supports foetal growth
Where is vitamin A stored?
Liver
Why should liver be avoided in pregnancy?
High in vitamin A
Why is vitamin A bad?
teratogenic in high doses
Symptoms of foetal alcohol syndrome
Small head, poor growth, distinct facial features, movement and coordination problems, learning difficulties, mood attention of behavioural problems, hearing and vision problems, problems with kidneys, liver, heart and other organs
Why are soft cheeses bad?
Listeriosis
