Nutritional Assessment - Biochemical Data

Question 1

BMI

Answer 1

Weight (kg) / height (m)^2

Question 2

1 lb =

Answer 2

0.45 kg

Question 3

I kg =

Answer 3

2.2 lbs

Question 4

1 ft = ? inch

Answer 4

12 inches

Question 5

1 inch = ? cm

Answer 5

2.54 cm

Question 6

% Weight change =

Answer 6

(UBW - CBW) / UBW x 100

Question 7

Significant loss and severe loss for 1 wk

Answer 7

1-2%

>2%

Question 8

Significant loss and severe loss for 1 month

Answer 8

5%

>5%

Question 9

Significant and severe loss of 3 months

Answer 9

7.5%

>7.5%

Question 10

Significant and severe loss of 6 months

Answer 10

10%

>10%

Question 11

Significant and severe loss of >6months (unlimited)

Answer 11

10-20%

>20%

Question 12

% weight change is ____ meaning that is can predict mortality, morbidity and nutritional risks.

Answer 12

Clinically relevant

Question 13

In % weight change, what information about weight loss is crucial to obtain from patient?

Answer 13

TIME for weight loss to occur

Question 14

24-hour UUN mmol/L=

Answer 14

(UUNmmol/L) x (24-hour urine volume (L) )

Question 15

24 hour UUN mmol/L = ? g/L

Answer 15

1 mmol UUN = 0.028 g UUN

Question 16

Nitrogen balance =

Answer 16

(protein intake / 6.25) - (UUNg + 4)

Question 17

A nitrogen balance of -2 means what?

Answer 17

We can assume that the balance is sig. negative since NB favours a positive balance. This means that catabolism>anabolism, and we can recommend to increase patients protein intake.

Question 18

A nitrogen balance of >2 means what?

Answer 18

We can assume that this balance is quite positive since NB favours a positive balance. Recall that PNB is not dangerous, and anabolism > catabolism as the patient probably requires the additional protein. We do not change protein intake.

Question 19

A nitrogen balance between -1 and +2 mean what?

Answer 19

Zero/Stable nitrogen balance, where anabolism = catabolism

Question 20

Half-life of serum albumin

Answer 20

17-21 days

Question 21

Name 2 functions of serum albumin

Answer 21

• Maintain osmotic pressure in vascular walls

- Major transport protein for molecule (Ca, Zn) and medications

Question 22

When albumin is low, this may be indicative of a decrease in ____ stores

Answer 22

visceral protein

Question 23

When is albumin HIGH? (1)

Answer 23

During dehydration, as plasma volume has decreased.

Question 24

When is albumin LOW? (6) MOPE-IP

Answer 24

• Malnutrition
• Over-hydration
• Poor protein intake
• Elderly
• Inflammation (decr by 25% APP)
• Poor synthesis

Question 25

Mild deficit of albumin (old)

Answer 25

3.0-3.5g/dL

Question 26

Mild deficit of albumin (new)

Answer 26

30-35g/L

Question 27

Conversion factor of albumin (old->new)

Answer 27

Multiply OLD by 10 to get new value

Question 28

Moderate deficit of albumin

Answer 28

2.4-2.99 g/dL

Question 29

Severe deficit of albumin

Answer 29

<2.4 g/dL

Question 30

Normal range of glucose (old)

Answer 30

70-110 mg/dL

Question 31

Normal range of glucose (new)

Answer 31

3.9-6.1 mmol/L

Question 32

Conversion factor of glucose (old->new)

Answer 32

Multiply OLD by 0.0551 to get new value

Question 33

Hemoglobin deficit women

Answer 33

<120 g/L

Question 34

Hemoglobin deficit men

Answer 34

<140 g/L

Question 35

How is hemoglobin measured?

Answer 35

Measures total amount of hemoglobin in RBCs and NOT within the full blood

Question 36

When will hemoglobin decrease? (3)

Answer 36

- PEM - Haemorrhage - Anemias

Question 37

Hematocrit deficit men

Answer 37

<40%

Question 38

Hematocrit deficit women

Answer 38

<37%

Question 39

Hematocrit is the measure of ___

Answer 39

%RBC (packed cell volume) in TOTAL blood volume

Question 40

When does hematocrit increase?

Answer 40

Increase during dehydration

Question 41

When does hematocrit decrease?

Answer 41

- Haemorrhage - Anemias - Over-hydration

Question 42

An male is chair or bed bound, they are ____ and should have a PAL of ___ and PA of ___

Answer 42

Sedentary 1. 2 1. 0

Question 43

An male does seated work & little movement, they are ____ and should have a PAL of ___ and PA of ___

Answer 43

Sedentary/Low Active 1. 3-1.5 1. 0-1.11

Question 44

An male does seated work but is required to move, they are ____ and should have a PAL of ___ and PA of ___

Answer 44

Low Active/Active 1. 60-1.7 1. 11-125

Question 45

An male does standing work, they are ____ and should have a PAL of ___ and PA of ___

Answer 45

Active 1. 8-1.9 1. 25

Question 46

An male does strenuous work and is highly active they are ____ and should have a PAL of ___ and PA of ___

Answer 46

Very Active 2. 0-2.4 1. 48

Question 47

If a male does an additional 30-60 minutes of strenuous leisure exercise 4-5x/week, what would we add to his existing PAL?

Answer 47

Add 0.3 to existing PAL

Question 48

PAL 1.0-1.4 PA =

Answer 48

1.0 | Sedentary

Question 49

PAL 1.4-1.6 PA =

Answer 49

1.11 | Low Active

Question 50

PAL 1.6-1.9 PA =

Answer 50

1.25 | Active

Question 51

PAL 1.9-2.5 PA =

Answer 51

1.48 | Very Active

Question 52

___ have the highest stress factor

Answer 52

Burns | 1.5-2.1 x REE

Question 53

_____ will have no stress factors

Answer 53

Healthy individuals with no acute disease

Question 54

_____ has the lowest stress factor

Answer 54

Surgery | 1.0-1.1 x REE

Question 55

Fever SF should multiple REE by ___ for every ___ above 37C

Answer 55

1.2 | 1C

Question 56

Half life of transferrin

Answer 56

8-10 days

Question 57

Half life of Prealbumin

Answer 57

2-3 days

Question 58

Half life of Transthyretin (TTR)

Answer 58

2-3 days (same protein as prealbumin)

Question 59

Half life of Retinol-binding protein (RBP)

Answer 59

10-12 hours

Question 60

Transferrin is high during

Answer 60

Low iron status (IDA, chronic loss, pregnancy)

Question 61

Transferrin is low during

Answer 61

Low protein status (poor synthesis) | Acute illness, chronic infection, PEM, systemic disease

Question 62

TTR is high during

Answer 62

``` Renal diseases (improper filtration by kidney, stays in circulation) Hodgkins disease (cancer of immune system, enlarged lymph-nodes) ```

Question 63

TTR is low during

Answer 63

Liver disease (decreased synthesis, chronic loss, PEM, malabsorption, hyperthyroidism)

Question 64

RBP is high during

Answer 64

Renal diseases

Question 65

RBP is low during

Answer 65

- Severe vitamin A deficiency - Zinc deficiency - Hyperthyroidism - Liver disease

Question 66

In someone with a higher muscle mass, meat intake will have increased/decreased creatinine excretion?

Answer 66

Increased

Question 67

Someone with an infection, fever, trauma will have increased/decreased creatinine excretion?

Answer 67

Increased

Question 68

In someone of older age, or with renal failure their creatinine excretion will be increased/deceased

Answer 68

Decreased

Question 69

In increased age, there is a decrease in both ____ causing decreased creatinine excretion.

Answer 69

Renal function and muscle mass

Question 70

What is skeletal muscle mass proportional to?

Answer 70

Height

Question 71

What is the creatinine height index? (CHI)

Answer 71

observed creatinine excretion 24 hours (mg) / expected creatinine excretion 24 hours (mg) x 100

Question 72

Someone has a CHI of 80-90% which indicates ...

Answer 72

Mild depletion of skeletal muscle

Question 73

CHI of 40-59% ....

Answer 73

Moderate depletion of skeletal muscle

Question 74

CHI of <40% ..

Answer 74

severe depletion of skeletal muscle

Question 75

Normal creatinine excretion for men

Answer 75

23 mg/kg of IBW

Question 76

Normal creatinine excretion for women

Answer 76

18 mg/kg of IBW

Question 77

(T/F) When measuring creatinine, subjects must consume a vegetarian (meat-free diet)

Answer 77

True, since meat intake can increase creatinine excretion

Question 78

Erythrocytes in iron deficient anemia

Answer 78

microcytic | hypochromic

Question 79

Erythrocytes in folate and/or B12 deficient anemia

Answer 79

macrocytic | megoblastic

Question 80

Erythrocytes in other micronutrient deficient anemias (Vit C, A)

Answer 80

microlytic (lyse and release hemoglobin)

Question 81

Erythrocytes in chronic diseases

Answer 81

normocytic normochromc Just decreased amount of RBCs

Question 82

Macrocytic RBC

Answer 82

>100 um^3

Question 83

Microcytic RBC

Answer 83

<76 um^3

Question 84

How could we measure weight hemoglobin? What is the visible feature?

Answer 84

Through mean corpuscular hemoglobin - weight is reflective of colour - whether hypochromic or hyperchromic

Question 85

How could we measure size of RBCs?

Answer 85

Mean corpuscular volume (MCV)

Question 86

hypochromic

Answer 86

<21 pg/cell

Question 87

hyperchromic

Answer 87

>38 pg/cell

Question 88

(HCT/RBC) x 10 =

Answer 88

MCV (size of RBCs)

Question 89

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration

Answer 89

measured as a ratio of hemoglobin/hematocrit x 100 (%)in RBCs and NOT full blood

Question 90

RBC count deficient men

Answer 90

<4.5 x 10^12 RBC / L

Question 91

RBC count deficient women

Answer 91

<4.2 x 10^12 RBC/L