Nutritional Management of Urinary Disease

Question 1

what are the recommendations for FLUTD/FIC?

Answer 1

water
stress management
enrichment

Question 2

what are the goals of nutritional management for urolithiasis?

Answer 2

make stones less likely to form
decrease urine specific gravity
decrease dietary precursors
+/- urine pH (depends on stone)
RSS testing (oxalate and struvite)

Question 3

what is the most important nutrient for urinary problems?

Answer 3

water

Question 4

are veterinary urinary diets in non-therapeutic/veterinary diets?

Answer 4

no

Question 5

what does activity product or RSS (relative super-saturation) predict?

Answer 5

likelihood of crystal/stone formation

Question 6

which stones can be dissolved?

Answer 6

struvite
urate

Question 7

if you are not successful in dissolving a struvite or urate stone what should you do?

Answer 7

revisit diet history
might not be struvite or urate alone
might not have cleared UTI

Question 8

can you feed diets meant for dissolving stones for a long time?

Answer 8

no: only a few weeks

Question 9

what are struvite stones in dogs associated with?

Answer 9

usually with infection

Question 10

is dietary prevention recommended for struvite stones in dogs?

Answer 10

rarely- prevent UTIs is the primary goal

Question 11

is dietary prevention recommended for struvite stones in cats?

Answer 11

yes:
RSS tested diets
water
acidic urine pH <6.2

Question 12

can calcium oxalate stones be dissolved?

Answer 12

no

Question 13

is recurrence of calcium oxalate stones common?

Answer 13

yes

Question 14

what should you avoid in the diet for prevention of calcium oxalate stones?

Answer 14

treats/supplements high in calcium/oxalate/vitamin C

Question 15

what is the goal for the urinary specific gravity for prevention of calcium oxalate stones?

Answer 15

dogs <1.020
cats <1.025

Question 16

what are the two causes of urate stones?

Answer 16

genetic defect: reduced uricase activity
liver disease: hyperammonemia, hyperuricemia

Question 17

what are the goals with primary hyperuricosuria?

Answer 17

reduce dietary purines
reduce USG
increase urine pH>7

Question 18

how can you reduce dietary purines?

Answer 18

avoid organ meats, fish, shellfish, yeast
plant proteins, egg, dairy good

Question 19

what can lead to secondary hyperuricosuria?

Answer 19

liver shunts

Question 20

which stone should you neuter an animal if it has them?

Answer 20

cystine

Question 21

what should you reduce in the diet of a dog with cystine stones?

Answer 21

methionine
cystine

Question 22

for dissolution of struvite stones, what is the goal of the USG?

Answer 22

dogs <1.020
cats <1.025

Question 23

what dietary prevention is recommended for struvite stones in cats?

Answer 23

RSS tested diets
water
acidic urine pH <6.2

Question 24

what is the most soluble pH for calcium oxalate stones?

Answer 24

> 7
pH not primary factor

Question 25

what does allopurinol do?

Answer 25

blocks xanthine oxidase can lead to xanthine stones dissolve urate stones

Question 26

how should you change the diet of a dog with cystine stones?

Answer 26

reduce dietary methionine and cystine alkalinize urine

Question 27

which stones should you not change the pH of the urine for?

Answer 27

calcium oxalate

Question 28

which stones cannot be prevented with a diet in dogs?

Answer 28

struvite

Question 29

which stones can be prevented in cats through diet?

Answer 29

struvite calcium oxalate urate cystine