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OB > OB Final Review > Flashcards

OB Final Review Flashcards

1
Q

what has the greatest impact in reducing maternal and fetal mortality

A

antiseptics

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2
Q

What is the term for infection of mothers surrounding labor delivery and post partum

A

puerperal fever

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3
Q

in the 18th century who attended deliveries and where did they take place

A

midwife - in home

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4
Q

what was the main factor in swaying women to deliver at hospitals rather than at home

A

anesthesia

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5
Q

what is primary prevention

A

teaching to prevent illness, vaccines

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6
Q

what is secondary prevention

A

health screenings, initial treatment

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7
Q

what is tertiary prevention

A

rehab, long term treatment for a chronic illness

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8
Q

what is family centered care

A

care for whole family (parents, siblings, grandparents)

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9
Q

what is a nuclear family

A

normal

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10
Q

what is a single parent family

A

mom or dad take care of kids

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11
Q

what is an extended family

A

family lives together with relatives

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12
Q

what is communal family

A

multiple families living together

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13
Q

what is a blended family

A

his, hers, and our kids

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14
Q

what is the primary focus of community based nursing

A

prevention

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15
Q

what 2 hormones do the ovaries produce

A

estrogen & progesterone

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16
Q

when does ovulation occur and what hormone stimulates ovulation

A

12-14 days (menstrual cycle)

LH hormone

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17
Q

where does fertilization normally take place

A

Fallopian tube

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18
Q

what is the function of the testes

A

produce sperm

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19
Q

what hormone is produced by the placenta and is used as a positive indicator of pregnancy

A

HcG

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20
Q

what is the function of amniotic fluid

A

protection, allow movement, symmetrical growth

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21
Q

what and when are the 3 stages of development from fertilization to birth

A

pre-embryonic phase - fertilization-implantation (2 weeks)
embryonic phase - implantation - 8 weeks (2-8 weeks)
fetal phase - 8 weeks - birth

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22
Q

when is the developing infant most vulnerable to teratogens

A

embryonic stage - 1st trimester

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23
Q

what is one of the main first signs of pregnancy

A

don’t have a period

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24
Q

what nutrient is important to avoid neural tube defects

A

folic acid

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25
Q

what are braxton hicks contractions

A

painless contractions - begin 1st trimester

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26
Q

why it is important to take iron supplements during pregnancy

A

more blood volume - need more iron - hemoglobin production

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27
Q

when is supine hypotension (vena cava syndrome), what are symptoms and treatment for this

A

woman lies on back (flat) - compresses aorta, venacava, passes out - put mom on left side

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28
Q

when should first fetal movements be felt and what is this called

A

quickening 16-20 weeks

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29
Q

what are ways to decrease constipation

A

stool softeners, increased fiber, increased fluid

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30
Q

in a urinalysis, what 2 substances are focused on in a pregnancy woman

A

glucose, protein

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31
Q

how would you determine EDC using the Naegele rule

A

add 7 days, subtract 3 months

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32
Q

where should the fundus be at 16 weeks gestation

A

1/2 way to belly button

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33
Q

where should fundus be at 20 weeks

A

at belly button

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34
Q

where should the fundus be after 20 weeks

A

between belly button & xiphoid process

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35
Q

what are the symptoms of true labor vs false labor

A

true - water broke, dilating, regular contractions

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36
Q

what are characteristics of stages of labor

A

latent - dilated 4 cm - contractions 5-1- min(mild)
active - dilated 4-8 cm - contractions 3-5 min(moderate)
transition - dilated 8-10 cm contractions 2-3 min(strong) - nausea/vomiting

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37
Q

second stage

A

complete cervical dilation (10 cm) through birth

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38
Q

third stage

A

from birth through delivery of placenta

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39
Q

fourth stage

A

delivery of placenta through 2-4 hours post delivery

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40
Q

what is the duration, intensity and frequency of contractions

A

how long, how strong, how often

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41
Q

what is fetal lie

A

position of baby before birth(longitudinal, transverse, oblique)

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42
Q

what is presentation

A

face, head, breech

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43
Q

what is stage

A

-4 to +4

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44
Q

what is attitude

A

flexed

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45
Q

what is a mian concern if an opioid is given to the mother close to time of birth

A

respiratory depression

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46
Q

what is a regional block and give examples of regional block

A

block a group of nerves to one area of body - epidural, spinal

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47
Q

what is a main side effect epidural and spinal administration

A

maternal hypo tension

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48
Q

what is done prior to starting an epidural to avoid this

A

fluid bolus of lactated Ringers

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49
Q

what is genreal anesthesia used in obstetrics

A

emergency C-section

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50
Q

what is a dangerous complication with an epidural or spinal anesthesia

A

maternal hypo tension

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51
Q

what is normal fetal heart rate

A

110-160

52
Q

what is a later deceleration and what is the first treatment for this

A

decreased HR after contractions - put on side

53
Q

internal monitoring increases the risk for

A

infection

54
Q

how often are assessments made in the 4th stage of labor and delivery

A

every 15 min

55
Q

what are symptoms of the placenta detaching during the 3rd stage

A

gush of blood, umbilical cord lengthens

56
Q

what is a common complication of a newborn that was born via C section

A

breathing - too much fluid in lungs

57
Q

what is the word for cervical readiness - how is this determined

A

ripe(shortened, short, dilated)

58
Q

what is the name of the scoring of cervix

A

bishop score

59
Q

what conditions have to be met prior to using vacuum suction or forceps

A

cervix dilated 10 cm

60
Q

what is the most important determination to see if a fetus is ready to be born

A

L:S: 2-1 - enough surfactant

61
Q

what are signs of poor maternal bonding

A

look away-not feeding-not naming

62
Q

what are the 3 stages of lochia, what does it look like and what is the normal progression of each

A

rubra - red, fleshy odor(1st 3-4 days)
serosa - pink (4-10 days)
alba - white, pale yellow (after 10 days)

63
Q

what does BUBBLE

A

breast, uterus, bladder, bowels, lochia, episiotimy

64
Q

why does breast feeding cause uterine contractions

A

puts off more oxytocin which increases/strengthens contractions

65
Q

what is treatment for a soft uterus immediately shortly after birth

A

fundal massage

66
Q

what maternal action can result in a low weight baby

A

smoking

67
Q

what chronic maternal condition can result in a large baby

A

diabetes

68
Q

why is vitamin K IM injection for the NB needed

A

produce clotting factors(to prevent hemorrhage)

69
Q

which infant body systems undergo the biggest adjustment after birth

A

circulatory, respiratory

70
Q

what is a safety precaution to avoid mis-identification prior to leaving a baby with a mom

A

arm bands on mom and baby

71
Q

where are IM injections given to infants

A

vastus lateralis

72
Q

what is the best way to prevent infant heat loss

A

dry, swaddle, kangaroo care, hat

73
Q

what type of eye ointment is commonly used immediately after birth and why

A

erythromycin - so they don’t get an eye infection from vagina

74
Q

what type of dressing is used on a circumcision site

A

gauze with Vaseline

75
Q

what are benefits of breastfeeding over bottle feeding

A

antibodies in mothers colostrum

76
Q

what is the name and appearance of the first milk immediately after birth

A

colostrum - yellow

77
Q

when does breast milk usually come in

A

3rd day

78
Q

what is a good way to determine if the baby is getting enough breast milk

A

6-8 diapers /day

79
Q

what are tips for proper bottle feeding

A

semi reclined baby - don’t prop bottle

80
Q

when is an infant most likely to contract herpes from the mother

A

if mom has active lesions in 3rd trimester

81
Q

what is the most important goal in a mom with diabetes during pregnancy

A

blood glucose control

82
Q

what infection can be transmitted by cants

A

toxoplasmosis

83
Q

what is a frequent complication of high glucose levels in the first trimester of pregnancy

A

neural tube defects - spina bifida

84
Q

what is a concern regarding mothers with pre-existing heart conditions

A

cause CHF, death in labor

85
Q

what would you as the nurse advise them to do during pregnancy

A

rest, left lateral sleeping, don’t push

86
Q

what is the most common cause of anemia during pregnancy

A

iron deficiency anemia - lack of iron

87
Q

what is the biggest concern with a ruptured ectopic pregnancy

A

could bleed out/infection, hemorrhage

88
Q

what are warning signs of impending miscarriage or premature birth

A

cramping, spotting, frank bleeding, clots

89
Q

what are symptoms of eclampsia

A

seizures, coma, death

90
Q

what is cervical cerclage and when is ti performed

A

tie cervix so baby doesn’t come preterm

91
Q

what are symptoms of placental abruption

A

sudden constant pain, dark red vaginal bleeding, rigid abdomen, fetal distress

92
Q

what is preterm labor

A

before 38 weeks

93
Q

what is considered post term

A

after 42 weeks

94
Q

a woman is receiving Pitocin and you notice that there is little to no uterine relaxation between contractions. what should you do

A

stop Pitocin

95
Q

what maneuver is first used with shoulder dystocia

A

Mc Roberts maneuver

96
Q

what group of medication would be given for hypotonic uterine dysfunction

A

oxytoncins

97
Q

name one medication from oxytocin class

A

Pitocin

98
Q

what is the biggest risk if the usterus is atony

A

bleeding

99
Q

what are characteristics of a normal uterus post partum

A

size of grapefruit, firm

100
Q

what could be the problem if the uterus is positioned to one side

A

bladder is full

101
Q

what are symptoms and treatments for mastitis

A

tender, heavy, warm, erythema, fever

supportive care, antibiotics

102
Q

what would you teach a mom that is going home about lochia characteristics

A

if it skips a phase or switches from white to pink called doctor ASAP

103
Q

what is a tocolytic med

A

magnesium sulfate

104
Q

what is magnesium sulfate antidote

A

calcium gluconate

105
Q

what do oxytocics do

A

increase uterine contractions(pitocin, prosteglandins)

106
Q

what do tocolytics do

A

stop contractions

107
Q

polyhydramnios

A

lots of amniotic fluid

108
Q

macrosomia

A

big baby

109
Q

hyperemesis gravidarum

A

increased vomiting

110
Q

cervical insufficiency

A

cervix doesn’t close ( use cerclage)

111
Q

hydatiform mole

A

teeth, hair, bone, cyst all together

112
Q

spontaneous abortion

A

miscarriage

113
Q

preeclamsia

A

edema, proteinuria, increased BP

114
Q

eclampsia

A

seizure, coma, death

115
Q

placenta previa

A

too low and covers cervix

116
Q

labor dystocia

A

slow labor

117
Q

precipitous labor

A

fast labor

118
Q

placental abruption

A

placenta tears from uterus wall

119
Q

amniotic fluid embolism

A

amniotic fluid gets in moms blood stream

120
Q

shoulder dystocia

A

shoulder gets stuck (babies)

121
Q

umbilical cord prolapse

A

cord comes out early

122
Q

uterine atony

A

soft uterus (boggy)

123
Q

uterine sub involution

A

uterus isn’t lowering as fast as it should

124
Q

Oxytocics

A 
oxytocin - pitocin
ergonovine - ergotrate
methylogonovine - methergine
carboprost - hemabate
misoprosol - cytotec
mifepristone - RU486
125
Q

Tocolytics

A

terbutaline - brethine
magnesium sulfate
nifedipine - procardia
indomethacin - indocin

OB (9 decks)

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