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Surgery EOR > OB/GYN/Renal > Flashcards

OB/GYN/Renal Flashcards

1
Q

fibrocystic breast disorder

A

fluid-filled breast cyst due to exaggerated response to hormones

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2
Q

features of fibrocystic breast disorder

A

cysts may increase/decrease size with menstrual hormonal changes
TENDER, BL, often multiple
mobile, well-demarcated

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3
Q

diagnosis of fibrocystic breast disorder

A

US

bx shows straw-colored fluid (no blood)

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4
Q

treatment of fibrocystic breast disorder

A

most resolve spontaneously

+/- FNA fluid removal

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5
Q

smooth, well-circumscribed mobile rubbery lump of breast

A

fibroadenoma of the breast

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6
Q

T/F fibroadenoma of the breast change with menstruation?

A

FALSE

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7
Q

treatment of fibroadenomas

A

most resorb over time

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8
Q

inflammation of breast often in lactating women

A

infective mastitis

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9
Q

MC organism of mastitis

A

Staph aureus

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10
Q

congestive mastitis

A

BL breast enlargement 2-3d post-partum

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11
Q

infective mastitis features

A

UL breast pain
nipple d/c
tenderness, warmth, swelling

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12
Q

treatment for infectious mastitis

A

supportive (warm compress)

anti-staph abx (ie. cephalosporin, nafcillin)

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13
Q

can you continue to nurse/breast pump if you have infectious mastitis?

A

YES

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14
Q

can you continue to nurse/breast pump if you have a breast abscess

A

NO

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15
Q

MC type of breast CA

A

infiltrative ductal carcinoma (75%)

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16
Q

BRCA1 and BRCA2 show increased risk for what cancers?

A

breast and ovarian

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17
Q

signs/sxs of breast CA

A

painless, hard, fixed (non-mobile) lump

often bloody UL nipple d/c

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18
Q

MC location of breast CA

A

upper outer quadrant

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19
Q

skin changes in breast CA

A

asymmetric redness
dimpling (Cooper’s ligament involvement)
changes in size/contour
peau d’orange (due to lymphatic obstruction - POOR)

20
Q

Paget’s disease of nipple

A

chronic eczematous itchy, scaling rash on the nipples and areola

21
Q

diagnosis of breast CA

A

mammogram
US
biopsy

22
Q

initial test for women <40yo with breast mass

A

US

23
Q

treatment of breast CA

A

lumpectomy + radiation therapy (preserves breast)
mastectomy
removal of regional (axillary) lymph nodes

24
Q

estrogen-dependent breast CA medication

A

Tamoxifen (SERM)

25
Q

best screening test for breast CA and guidelines

A

mammogram
annually after 40yo (ACS)
Q2yr starting at 50yo (40yo if risk factors) - USPSTF

26
Q

MC side of testicular CA

A

right

27
Q

big risk factor for testicular CA

A

cryptorchidism

28
Q

MC type of testicular CA

A

germinal cell - seminoma (hypoechoic mass on US)

29
Q

painless testicular nodule
solid mass or enlargement
+/- hydrocele, gynecomastia

A

testicular CA

30
Q

diagnosis of testicular CA

A 
scrotal US
serum studies (AFP, hCG, LDH)
31
Q

treatment of testicular CA

A

orchiectomy + radiation

32
Q

MC type of bladder CA

A

transitional cell

HIGH RATE OF RECURRENCE

33
Q

risks for bladder CA

A

smoking
white males
occupational exposure
cyclophosphamide

34
Q

painless microscopic or gross hematuria
often terminal
+/- irritative symptoms

A

bladder CA

35
Q

diagnosis of bladder CA

A

cystoscopy with biopsy

36
Q

treatment for localized/superficial bladder CA

A

transurethral resection

37
Q

MC kidney CA

A

renal cell carcinoma

38
Q

why is the proximal convoluted renal tubule the MC site of tumor

A

most metabolically active

39
Q

sxs of renal cell carcinoma

A

classic triad:
hematuria
flank/abd pain
palpable mass

HTN and hypercalcemia common

40
Q

diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma

A

CT scan

41
Q

treatment for renal cell carcinoma

A

radical nephrectomy if localized

42
Q

what is a Wilms tumor

A

nephroblastoma

43
Q

who is Wilms tumor MC found in

A

children in first 5 yrs of life

44
Q

sxs of Wilms tumor

A

painless, palpable abd mass
hematuria
HTN (increased renin from tumor)
anemia

45
Q

treatment for Wilms tumor

A

nephrectomy followed by chemo

46
Q

MC cause of secondary HTN

A 
renovascular HTN (via renal artery stenosis)
--> increased RAAS activation

Surgery EOR (5 decks)

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