Objective II: Interpretation

Question 1

Standard Scores

Answer 1

Transformation of test scores into universally understood units that allow one to easily make inferences about a person’s performance

Question 2

Z-scores

Answer 2

M=0, SD=1

z=(x-u)/o

Question 3

T-scores

Answer 3

M=50, SD=10

T=50+(10*z)

Question 4

Scaled scores

Answer 4

M=10, SD=3

SS=10+(3*z)

Question 5

IQ Scores (Index)

Answer 5

M=100, SD=15

IQ=100+(15*z)

Question 6

Percentile Ranks

Answer 6

the percentage of people (in the norm group) whose performance falls at or below that of the individual

Question 7

Problems w/ percentile ranks

Answer 7

Assumes the true distribution of scores fall on a normal curve; destroying interval level of measurement; differences in the middle magnified; differences at the tails minimized

Question 8

Norms

Answer 8

A group of scores that indicate the average performance (i.e., mean) of a group (i.e., the norm group) and the distribution of score above and below this average (i.e., SD); provide a standard against which we can compare the individuals we test

Question 9

Problems w/ norms

Answer 9

Norm group must be large to be representative; norms need to be updated as populations change; appropriateness of reference/norm group

Question 10

Inter-individual comparison

Answer 10

cognitive strengths and weaknesses compared to peers

Question 11

Intra-individual comparison

Answer 11

cognitive strengths and weaknesses compared to self

Question 12

Broad to narrow interpretation

Answer 12

FSIQ–>Indices–>Subtests–>Observations

Question 13

Inter-individual comparison of FSIQ and index scores

Answer 13

WAIS Manual
130 or above=Very Superior
120-129=Superior
110-119=High Average
90-109=Average
80-89=Low Average
70-79=Borderline
69 or below=Extremely Low

Question 14

Inter-individual comparison of subtest score interpretation

Answer 14

Three Category:
13-19=Strength
8-12=Average
1-7=Weakness
Five Category:
16-19=Exceptional Strength
13-16=Strength
8-12=Average
5-7=Weakness
1-4=Exceptional Weakness

Question 15

Verbal Comprehension Scale

Answer 15

Measures verbal comprehension, application of verbal skills and information to the solution of new problems, ability to process verbal information, ability to think with words, crystallized knowledge, cognitive flexibility, and ability to self monitor (SI, VC, IN, CO).

Question 16

Perceptual Reasoning Scale

Answer 16

Measures perceptual reasoning, ability to think in terms of visual images and manipulate them with fluency, cognitive flexibility, relative cognitive speed, ability to interpret or organize visually perceived material within a time limit, non-verbal ability, ability to form abstract concepts and relationships without the use of words, fluid reasoning, and ability to self-monitor (BD, MR, VP, FW, PC)

Question 17

Working Memory Scale

Answer 17

Measures working memory, auditory short term memory, the ability to sustain attention, numerical ability, encoding ability, auditory processing skills, cognitive flexibility, and ability to self-monitor (DS, LNS, AR)

Question 18

Processing Speed Scale

Answer 18

Measures processing speed, rate of test taking, visual-perceptual discrimination, speed of mental operation, psychomotor speed, attention, concentration, short-term visual memory, visual-motor coordination, numerical ability, cognitive flexibility and ability to self-monitor (SS, CD, CN)

Question 19

Baserates

Answer 19

Determining the frequency with which the differences between scores in an individual’s profile occurred in the standardization sample

Question 20

Four Pillars of Assessment

Answer 20

Norm-referenced measures, interviews, behavioral observations, informal assessment procedures

Question 21

Assessment process Part I

Answer 21

Review referral info (decide to accept)–>Obtain additional info (interviews & records)–>Observe behavior–>select test battery–>administer tests

Question 22

Assessment process Part II

Answer 22

Interpret results–>Develop recommendations–>Write the report–>Share the report–>Follow-up & reassess