Occlusal problems in the mixed dentition

Question 1

define crown/root dilaceration

Answer 1

trauma causes displacement of unerupted permanent crown and root continues to form in a direction it was already growing in
bend/angulation in root

Question 2

what causes dilaceration

Answer 2

trauma

Question 3

which teeth are normally affected by dilaceration

Answer 3

upper incisors

Question 4

What can dilacerated teeth result in

Answer 4

failure of eruption

Question 5

how can dilacerated teeth be managed

Answer 5

if severe- extract

if mild- can expose crown surgically and apply traction to align the tooth

Question 6

define supernumeraries

Answer 6

additional teeth

Question 7

what are the 2 types of supernumeraries

Answer 7

exact copies of adjacent teeth
OR
contain tooth material which don’t look like teeth

Question 8

describe a conical supernumerary

Answer 8

contain tooth material which don’t look like teeth
peg shaped
common between central incisors

Question 9

define a tubercle supernumerary

Answer 9

contains tooth material but doesn’t look like teeth

barrel shaped

Question 10

what problem can a tubercle supernumerary cause

Answer 10

problems with permanent teeth so need to be surgically remeoved

Question 11

which teeth are commonly found to be peg shaped

Answer 11

lateral incisors

Question 12

define peg shaped teeth

Answer 12

normal tooth but different shape

aesthetics problem not functional

Question 13

what problem can peg shaped teeth cause

Answer 13

higher risk of canine becoming palatally ectopic
roots of peg shaped teeth are narrower, this can cause problem with canines as the roots have a role in guiding eruption of the canine

Question 14

define hypodontia

Answer 14

congenitally missing teeth 1 or more

Question 15

which teeth are most commonly congenitally missing

Answer 15

upper 2s and lower 5s and upper 5s

Question 16

what problems can hypodontia cause

Answer 16

delayed exfoliation of deciduous teeth

delayed eruption of permanent teeth

Question 17

how can hypodontia be diagnosed

Answer 17

radiogrpahs confirm diagnosis

Question 18

define neonatal teeth

Answer 18

deciduous teeth that erupt early
can affect feeding
if mobile- extract

Question 19

what is an eruption cyst

Answer 19

appears as a blue mucosa overlying an unerupted tooth

resolves as tooth erupts

Question 20

what can cause teeth to be impacted

Answer 20

obstruction
not enough space
ectopic teeth
primary tooth didn’t erupt

Question 21

define infra-occluded teeth and what causes this

Answer 21

teeth with their occlusal surface below adjacent teeth

due to ankylosis

Question 22

what can cause a retained deciduous tooth

Answer 22

no permanent successor

ankylosis

Question 23

how can retained deciduous teeth be managed

Answer 23

if missing permanent successsor- leave

if ankylosed- usually extracted

Question 24

define a cross bite

Answer 24

malocclusion where a tooth has more buccal/lingual positioning

Question 25

what problems can a cross bite cause

Answer 25

tooth wear | displacement - tooth and jaw

Question 26

name a traumatic injury in deciduous teeth that can cause crown/root dilacerarion

Answer 26

intrusion

Question 27

reasons for premature loss of deciduous teeth

Answer 27

caries- trauma- balancing and compensating extractions serial extractions

Question 28

how can early loss of deciduous teeth cause a problem

Answer 28

can get mesial drifting of 6's- premolar crowding avulsion- centre line shift delayed eruption of permanent successors

Question 29

what is a balancing extraction

Answer 29

if extracting a tooth, consider extracting the contralateral tooth e.g ULC URC

Question 30

what are compensating extractions

Answer 30

if extracting a tooth, consider extracting same tooth in opposing arch e.g UR6 and LR6

Question 31

define serial extractions

Answer 31

planned sequence of extraction to relieve incisor crowding was previously done now await for all teeth to erupt and then extract if need be

Question 32

3 things that can cause premature loss of permanent teeth

Answer 32

caries trauma forced extractions of 6's

Question 33

when is the optimum age to extract 6's and why

Answer 33

9-10 as the 7's can then erupt well which can then erupt in mesially to close the gap

Question 34

name a habit that can cause problems

Answer 34

``` thumb sucking can cause: proclined upper incisors retroclined lower incisors buccal segment cross bites anterior openbite ```

Question 35

define midline diastema

Answer 35

space between upper central incisors

Question 36

what can cause a midline diastema

Answer 36

midline supernumerary | prominent frenum

Question 37

how can a large midline diastema be treated

Answer 37

fixed appliance | permanent retention

Question 38

at what age should you palpate for canine

Answer 38

8-10 years