Fixed appliances

Question 1

Define fixed applainces

Answer 1

appliaance that is attached to teeth by bands (or bonds) and brackets
cannot be removed by pts

Question 2

How do fixed appliances move teeth?

Answer 2

arch wire puts pressure on brackets and teeth and their attachment on the bands

Question 3

How does a fixed appliance differ in terms of tooth movement in comparison to a removable appliance?

Answer 3

capable of greater range tooth movements that a RA

Question 4

What kind of tooth movements can the attachment (bracket) allow?

Answer 4

tilting, vertical, rotational, apical

Question 5

Name 6 types of treatment for orthodontics

Answer 5

removable appliances
fixed appliances
monitoring 
extraction only
retainers
growth modification with a functional appliance- twin block

Question 6

what do functional appliances aid and give an example

Answer 6

growth modification

twin block

Question 7

By which 5 methods do fixed appliances deliver optimal tooth control

Answer 7

bodily movement
rotations
intrusion/extrusion
uprighting
root torqueing

Question 8

which kind of appliance allows tipping movements and why can tipping be better then bodily movement?

Answer 8

removeable

can produce more rapid tooth movement that bodily movements

Question 9

define bodily movement

Answer 9

shifting tooth along the occlusal plane without changing the orientation of the long axis
crown and root moved in the same or opposite direction

Question 10

3 reasons bodily movement is used

Answer 10

correct skeletal discrepancies
space closure- from extraction or hypodontia
overjet reduction

Question 11

define rotation of a tooth

Answer 11

turning a tooth about its long axis

Question 12

what kind of movement does extrusion/intrusion achieve

Answer 12

vertical

Question 13

define intrusion and extrusion

Answer 13

extrusion- moving a tooth out of the supporting structures

intrusion- moving a tooth into the supporting structures

Question 14

What is intrusion/extrusion used for?

Answer 14

overbite reduction

Question 15

define root torqueing

Answer 15

moving the tooth bucco-lingually so crown and root move in opposite direction

Question 16

define lingual torque

Answer 16

crowns are tipped lingually and root labial/buccally

Question 17

define buccal/labial torque

Answer 17

crowns are tipped buccally and roots lingually

Question 18

define crown tipping

Answer 18

tilting of the crown of the tooth without moving the apex

Question 19

define root tipping

Answer 19

tilting of the root of the tooth without moving the apex of the crown

Question 20

when would fixed appliance be indicated?

Answer 20

when precise tooth movements are required

Question 21

give a disadvantage of fixed appliances compared to removeable and functional appliances

Answer 21

not as effective at moving blocks of teeth compared to RA and functional

Question 22

what is the difference between edgewise bracket and pre-adjusted?

Answer 22

edgewise- straight slot cut in to brackets. tooth position determinded by bends in arch wire or orientation of the bracket slot/base
pre-adjusted= slot pre-angulated/pre-torqued
minimal archwire bends`

Question 23

name the 2 types of fixed applianced

Answer 23

labial- preadjusted edgewise and tip-edge

lingual

Question 24

define ligation

Answer 24

the means by which an archwire is held inside the bracket

Question 25

name and describe the 2 types of ligation

Answer 25

conventional ligation- elastic or metallic ties hold archwire in place self-ligating- liagation built into bracket, clips hold archwire in bracket

Question 26

describe the types of bends required in an archwire to produce types of tooth movements

Answer 26

1st order bends- in out bends, made in the plane of the archwire 2nd order bends- tip, made in vertical plane 3rd order bends- torque, bend in archwire , placed in brackets, when the wire goes back to its original shape it takes the teeth with it

Question 27

Describe the 6 components of a fixed appliance component

Answer 27

brackets- can be carried on a band and the band then cemented on to tooth or cemented directly on to tooth molar bands- rings that encircle tooth- bracket attached to this archwire- initial stages use flexible type, latter rigid type ligatures- elastic coloured band on brackets to keep archwire in place auxillaries- elastic bands- pulling maxilla/mandible- used for traction adhesive- most popular for cementing bands is GI- composite resin sandwich

Question 28

define composite resin sandwich in relation to adhesives

Answer 28

unfilled resin at tooth surface and near the bracket and between this have filled resin

Question 29

define traction

Answer 29

act of drawing or pulling

Question 30

name 4 materials used for archwires

Answer 30

stainless steel nickel-titanium beta-titanium glass/composite

Question 31

which material of archwires would be ideal for later stages of treatment and why?

Answer 31

stainless steel as it has inhibits good stiffness

Question 32

which arch wire material is generally used in the initial stages of treatment?

Answer 32

nickel-titanium

Question 33

list the 6 stages of fixed appliances

Answer 33

``` anchorage control alignment/levelling overbite reduction overjet reduction space closure finishing/detailing ```

Question 34

describe the final stage in fixed applainces: finishing/detailing

Answer 34

place small bends in archwire to fine detail tooth position and occlusion

Question 35

what are TADs and what are they used for

Answer 35

temporary anchorage devices | used for distal movement of upper molars

Question 36

describe the 6 keys occlusion

Answer 36

``` what the finished result should include: class I molars no spaces no rotations normal angulation normal inclination flat occlusal plane ```

Question 37

How are bands and brackets removed?

Answer 37

forceps

Question 38

describe types of retention

Answer 38

fixed- wire | removeable- pressure formed retainer and hawley type (metal)

Question 39

describe 7 problems that can arise due to fixed applaince treatment

Answer 39

``` demineralisation/caries- poor OH root resorption- e enamel fracture at debond (when removing cement) periodontal destruction gingivitis pulp death ST trauma- wire pokes ```

Question 40

why can root resorption occur

Answer 40

due to excessive forces