Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

English Language > Occupation > Flashcards

Occupation Flashcards

(58 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

LANGUAGE & OCCUPATION

What is restricted occupational lexis?

A

Occupations, such as medicine and law, using highly specialist lexis heavily influenced by other languages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

LANGUAGE & OCCUPATION

Give three French examples of ROL

A

Voire dare - true say
Fee simple - fee
Prima facie - based on first impressions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

LANGUAGE & OCCUPATION

Give two Latin examples of ROL

A

Novation - to make new

Tort - a wrongful act

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

LANGUAGE & OCCUPATION

What is legalese?

A

A pejorative term associated with a traditional style of legal writing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

LANGUAGE & OCCUPATION

What is legalese a part of?

A

A specialist discourse of lawyer communication which lay people cannot easily comprehend

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

LANGUAGE & OCCUPATION

What did Melinkoff say about the language of the law?

A

The law is a profession of words: whether government, legislation, or class room activities, the words of the law are the law

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

LANGUAGE & OCCUPATION

Why must legalese be clear and unambigous?

A

To leave no room for loopholes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

LANGUAGE & OCCUPATION

What has the preoccupation with preciseness (legalese) led to?

A

The character of law being thought of as wordy with an overly complicated syntax and high register

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

LANGUAGE & OCCUPATION

What does the preoccupation with clarity (legalese) often mean?

A

The law is very hard to understand for the general public, requiring those with legal training to interpret it and putting lawyers therefore into very powerful positions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

LANGUAGE & OCCUPATION

What do some people argue about legalese?

A

In a democracy the law should be accessible to everyone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

LANGUAGE & OCCUPATION

What changes have been made to the language of the law?

A

Writ - claim form
Affidavil - statement of truth
In camera - in private
Subpoena - witness summons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

POWER

Define jargon

A

Specialist lexis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

POWER

Give one positive of jargon

A

Quick and efficient communication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

POWER

Give 5 negatives of jargon

A
  • Creates power and superiority
  • Excludes lay people
  • Exploitation
  • Do buzz words really mean anything?
  • Euphemisms require inference
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

POWER

Describe an unequal encounter

A

Where one speaker can exert influence, linguistically, over another speaker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

POWER

Define power asymmetry

A

A marked difference between the power status of individuals in discourse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

POWER

Define constraints

A

Powerful speakers block or control the contributions of less powerful participants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

POWER

Define formulation

A

When a powerful speaker enforces an answer for their suited purpose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

POWER: the history

When did the official language switch to French?

A

After the 1066 Norman invasion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

POWER: history

Why was speaking Latin a sign of status?

A

It played a huge role within the church and education

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

DREW & HERITAGE 1992 INSTITUTIONAL TALK

Define goal orientation

A

When participants in a workforce focus on specific tasks/goals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

DREW & HERITAGE 1992 INSTITUTIONAL TALK

Define turn taking roles of restricition

A

In some professional contexts there are specialist turn taking rules in operation, for example within doctors surgeries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

DREW & HERITAGE 1992 INSTITUTIONAL TALK

Define allowable contributions

A

When there are restrictions of what kinds of contributions are allowable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

DREW & HERITAGE 1992 INSTITUTIONAL TALK

Define structure

Study These Flashcards
A

Workplace/professional interactions can be structured in specific ways

25
DREW & HERITAGE 1992 INSTITUTIONAL TALK | Define asymmetry
Workplace and professional interactions often have one speaker who has more expertise and knowledge, therefore more power
26
KOESTER 2004 PHATIC TALK | What did Koester look at?
How employees support each other in their tasks
27
KOESTER 2004 PHATIC TALK | What did Koester find about phatic talk?
It is important for getting jobs done, and increases productivity
28
JOHN SWALES: DISCOURSE COMMUNITIES | Characteristic #1
A discourse community has a broadly agreed set of common public goals
29
JOHN SWALES: DISCOURSE COMMUNITIES | Characteristic #2
A discourse community has mechanisms of intercommunication amongst it's members
30
JOHN SWALES: DISCOURSE COMMUNITIES | Characteristic #3
A discourse community uses it's participatory mechanisms to provide information and feedback
31
JOHN SWALES: DISCOURSE COMMUNITIES | Characteristic #4
A discourse community utilizes and hence possesses one or more genres in the communicative furtherance of its aims
32
JOHN SWALES: DISCOURSE COMMUNITIES | Characteristic #5
In addition to owning genres, a discourse community has acquired specific lexis
33
JOHN SWALES: DISCOURSE COMMUNITIES | Characteristic #6
A discourse community has a threshold level of members with a suitable degree of relevant content and discoursal expertise
34
EUPHEMISMS AT WORK | Describe global English
In colonies, speaking English represented power and status
35
EUPHEMISMS AT WORK | Taboo function
Swapping taboo for euphemism to avoid the specific taboo but keep the taboo intention
36
EUPHEMISMS AT WORK | Polite function
Avoiding social awkwardness by modifying taboo with another noun or imagery
37
EUPHEMISMS AT WORK | Covering up function
Using euphemism to remain vague with semantics: politics
38
EUPHEMISMS AT WORK | Including function
Using euphemism to be more persuasive and hyperbolic
39
EUPHEMISMS AT WORK | Tactical function
The use of euphemism to reduce impact if original lexis is too blunt
40
EUPHEMISMS AT WORK | Humour function
A comedic manner of euphemism to lighten situations
41
FACE THEORY | Who and when investigated face theory?
Gossman 1955
42
FACE THEORY | What did Gossman theorize?
As humans we have an image which we want to portray ourselves as which is linked to our emotional sense of self... this is called our face
43
FACE THEORY | What is the face maintained by?
The audience not the listener
44
FACE THEORY | What does our face vary on?
The audience
45
POLITENESS STRATEGIES | Who and when theorized about politeness strategies?
Brown and Levinson 1987
46
POLITENESS STRATEGIES | What did Brown and Levinson say?
We employ politeness in interactions as a means of showing awareness of someone's face
47
POLITENESS STRATEGIES | Define a positive face
A desire to be liked and well respected
48
POLITENESS STRATEGIES | Define a negative face
The need to have freedom and thought and not be imposed upon through interactions
49
POLITENESS STRATEGIES | In social interactions what do we assume?
We will have our face wants met
50
POLITENESS STRATEGIES | Define a face threatening act
When a speaker threatens someone's self image
51
NELSON: BUSINESS LANGUAGE | What did Nelson find?
There is a semantic field for business
52
KIM AND ELDER | What did Kim and Elder investigate?
2009 Korean pilots
53
KIM AND ELDER | What did Kim and Elder conclude?
Difficulties weren't caused by poor language skills of the Koreans but because Americans weren't using the agreed upon terms.
54
WAERING: THREE TYPES OF POWER | What were the three types of power Waering investigated?
Political, personal and social
55
WAERING: THREE TYPES OF POWER | Define political power
Power held by those with the backing of the law
56
WAERING: THREE TYPES OF POWER | Define personal power
Power held by individuals due to their roles in social groups
57
WAERING: THREE TYPES OF POWER | Define social group power
Power held as the result of being a dominant member of a social group
58
ACRONYMS | Give an example of three different teaching acronyms
APP, OFSTED, EBD

English Language (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions