Region

Question 1

DIALLECTS

Give four examples of a dialect

Answer 1

Regiolect, sociolect, idiolect, ethnolect

Question 2

PRESCRIPTIVISM vs DESCRIPTIVISM

Define prescriptivism

Answer 2

The theory that language has an absolute accuracy; there are specific right and wrong ways of using language based on established rules of language in history

Question 3

PRESCRIPTIVISM vs DESCRIPTIVISM

Define descriptivism

Answer 3

The theory that there is no ‘good’ or ‘bad’ language - that language should not be definable in only one manner and that language should be able to shift in various contexts

Question 4

THE SURVEY OF ENGLISH DIALLECTS

When was the survey conducted?

Answer 4

1950 - 1961

Question 5

THE SURVEY OF ENGLISH DIALLECTS

Where and who undertook the survey?

Answer 5

Harold Orten at the University of Leeds

Question 6

THE SURVEY OF ENGLISH DIALLECTS

What was the aim of the survey?

Answer 6

To capture the most conservative forms of folk speech

Question 7

THE SURVEY OF ENGLISH DIALLECTS

Who were the participants?

Answer 7

Male farm labourers, generally over 65

Question 8

PHONETIC ALPHABET

What is the phonetic alphabet designed for?

Answer 8

Transcribing the sounds of all the worlds languages

Question 9

PHONETIC ALPHABET

What does the phonetic alphabet help linguists see?

Answer 9

Variation in distribution of sounds across regions

Question 10

PRESCRIPTIVIST HEADLINES

Give two examples of prescriptivist headlines

Answer 10

‘Brummie accents are worse than staying silent: study shows’

‘The Queen’s English: the English Language as written and spoken by correctly educated people in Britain’

Question 11

‘THE PRONUNCIATION OF ENGLISH’

Who wrote this book, and when?

Answer 11

Daniel Jones, 1909

Question 12

‘THE PRONUNCIATION OF ENGLISH’

What did Daniel Jones say about the original intent of this book?

Answer 12

‘This book is intended for students and teachers who aim to correct cockneyisms and other undesirable pronunciations in their scholars’

Question 13

‘THE PRONUNCIATION OF ENGLISH’

How did Jones revise the book?

Answer 13

Jones revised the book to a more descriptivist attitude after the world wars, and encouraged readers to embrace their ideolects

Question 14

RECIEVED PRONUNCIATION

Is received pronunciation a historically prestigious accent?

Answer 14

Yes

Question 15

RECIEVED PRONUNCIATION

Is RP regionally bound?

Answer 15

No, because it is a type of sociolect

Question 16

RECIEVED PRONUNCIATION

What is RP associated with?

Answer 16

Oxbridge and the aristocracy

Question 17

RECIEVED PRONUNCIATION

What does Trudgill estimate about the amount of speakers who use RP?

Answer 17

3%

Question 18

RECIEVED PRONUNCIATION

Describe the BBC’s role in RP

Answer 18

BBC used RP as it’s primary accent when it first broadcasted in the 20th century. Mark Thompson called for more regional accents in 2008.

Question 19

COCKNEY RHYMING SLANG

Where and when does CRS originate from?

Answer 19

The east end of London from the first half of the 19th century

Question 20

COCKNEY RHYMING SLANG

What did a study of 2000 adults show about CRS?

Answer 20

It is dying out amid London’s diverse, multi-cultural society

Question 21

COCKNEY RHYMING SLANG

What did a survey commissioned by the museum of London show?

Answer 21

Almost 80% of Londoners don’t understand phrases such as donkey ears - slang for years

Question 22

COCKNEY RHYMING SLANG

What was the most commonly used CRS phrase and what percentage used it?

Answer 22

Porky pies (lies) - 13%

Question 23

COCKNEY RHYMING SLANG

What did 40% of the study say the felt about CRS?

Answer 23

It was dying out

Question 24

COCKNEY RHYMING SLANG

What TV shows popularised CRS in the media?

Answer 24

The Sweeney, from the 1970s and only fools and horses

Question 25

MLE | When did MLE emerge?

Answer 25

The late 20th to 21st century

Question 26

MLE | Who is MLE mainly spoken by?

Answer 26

Young, working class people, in multi-cultural parts of London. It has also emerged in diverse cities such as Birmingham and Manchester.\

Question 27

MLE | Who investigated MLE in 2014?

Answer 27

Gary Ives

Question 28

MLE | Where does MLE language descend from>

Answer 28

Afro-Caribbean origins

Question 29

MLE | Give three examples of MLE

Answer 29

Bare, bruv and calm

Question 30

GILES 1975 | What did Giles investigate?

Answer 30

Same speakers with different accents. Judging attitudes, same intelligences, appearances, etc. Matched guise.

Question 31

DIXON, MAHONEY AND COCKS | What did these linguists investigate?

Answer 31

Accents and guilt. Pp listened to conversations between RP or Brummie, which one perceived to be more guilty.

Question 32

CHOY and DODD | What did Choy and Dodd find?

Answer 32

Teachers are more likely to make judgements based on how students think

Question 33

DIALLECT LEVELLING | What is there an argument of?

Answer 33

As a country we are moving towards a more national diallect

Question 34

DIALLECT LEVELLING | What did Leslie Milroy say?

Answer 34

Increased geographical mobility leads to the large scale disruption of close knit, localised networks that have historically led to maintain systematic complex sets of socially structured linguistic norms.

Question 35

DIALLECT LEVELLING | What does the reduction of rural employment and the subsequent construction of suburbs lead to?

Answer 35

The idea that local accents are being disrupted

Question 36

DIALLECT LEVELLING | What does Paul Keswell say about dialect levelling?

Answer 36

Social mobility breaks down distinct sociolects

Question 37

DIALLECT LEVELLING | Are some regional forms surviving?

Answer 37

- Use of aint - Absence of adverb marking - Multiple negation

Question 38

REGIONAL VARIATION | What did a survey by linguistic researches at Manchester University show?

Answer 38

- Bread roll names differ, bap, bun, muffin, cob, teacake

Question 39

REGIONAL VARIATION | What did Peter Trudeau's research into isogloss boundaries show?

Answer 39

Around the country in the past people couldn't really move around, little communities therefore had specific accents and lexis. Isogloss boundaries have therefore weakened because of media and transport.

Question 40

REGIONAL VARIATION | What is a word for doctors in the midlands?

Answer 40

Croaker

Question 41

REGIONAL VARIATION | What does to complain in Wales mean?

Answer 41

To gristle

Question 42

REGIONAL VARIATION | What are linguistic features of cockney accents?

Answer 42

Glottal stopping, fronting words

Question 43

REGIONAL VARIATION | Describe Dr Alex Bratton's investigation

Answer 43

100pps, 1/3 would modify accents in a formal setting. Found there is a stigma around certain accents.

Question 44

REGIONAL VARIATION | What is one negative of Dr Alex Bratton's study?

Answer 44

Only 100 pps

Question 45

ACEENTISM | Is aceentism a great problem today?

Answer 45

Not as much, because of greater media representation

Question 46

ACEENTISM | How did BBC guidelines change?

Answer 46

So long as delivered in standard english any accent can be used. People still criticse this, such as Hugh Edwards.