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Glaciated Landscape - 2024 > OCR A Level GL - 10 OCR A Level GL 2.2b LAKE DISTRICT CASE STUDY > Flashcards

OCR A Level GL - 10 OCR A Level GL 2.2b LAKE DISTRICT CASE STUDY Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

The Lake District is a case study of …

A

An upland landscape associated with the action of valley glaciers

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2
Q

What are the 3 main groups of geology in the Lake District?

A
  1. Skiddaw slates 2. Borrowdale volcanics 3. Windermere series
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3
Q

What has the geology affected

A

The evolution (shaping) of the landscape

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4
Q

What are the oldest rocks in the Lake District?

A

Skiddaw group

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5
Q

How were the Skiddaw rocks formed?

A

black muds and sands settling on the sea bed

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6
Q

How long ago were the Skiddaw rocks formed?

A

500 million years ago

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7
Q

What has happened since the Skiddaw rocks were formed?

A

They have been raised and folded by tectonic forces

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8
Q

Where is the Skiddaw group of rock usually found?

A

Northern Lake District

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9
Q

What are the characteristics of the landscape in the Skiddaw

A

the mountains are smooth and streams occupy deep gorges

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10
Q

Where are Borrowdale volcanic rocks found?

A

Central Lake District

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11
Q

What are Borrowdale volcanic rocks composed of?

A

Consist of hard lava and ash from eruptions

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12
Q

How long ago were Borrowdale volcanic rocks formed?

A

450 million years ago

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13
Q

Which 2 highest mountains in the Lake District does Borrowdale volcanic rocks make up?

A

Helvellyn and Great Gable

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14
Q

What makes up the Windermere group of rocks?

A

Sedimentary mudstones, sandstones, siltstones and limestone

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15
Q

How long ago were the Windermere rocks formed?

A

420 million years ago

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16
Q

What has happened to Windermere group since they were formed?

A

They have been faulted and folded, pushed up and eroded down

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17
Q

Where are most of the Windermere group?

A

Southern Lake District

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18
Q

When was granite formed?

A

400 million years ago

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19
Q

When was carboniferous limestone formed in the Lake District?

A

500 million years ago

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20
Q

What has happened in the Lake District over the last 400,000 years?

A

There have been many glaciations where valley glacier and ice sheets submerged the landscape

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21
Q

What did these glaciations do to the landscape of the Lake District?

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A

Glacial erosional and depositional landforms developed

22
Q

Which geological epoch caused the landscape in the Lake District that we see now?

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A

Pleistocene period (during last million years)

23
Q

How many glaciations occurred during the Pleistocene period?

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A

20 glaciations

24
Q

Which glaciation took place between 12,800 and 11,500 years ago?

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A

Loch Lomond Stadial

25
What erosional landform is situated in the Norfolk Valley?
Roche Mountonnee
26
What is the name of the Roche Moutonnee found in the Lake District?
Norfolk Valley
27
Which erosional landforms are situated on the west side of the Helvellyn Range?
Truncated spurs and hanging valleys - waterfall called Helvellyn Gill
28
Give a named example of an arete (erosional landform) in the Lake District?
Striding Edge in the Helvellyn Range
29
How long and high is the Helvellyn Range?
11km long and 600m high
30
Which glacial erosional landform can be found at 950m above sea level on Helvellyn Range?
A pyramidal peak
31
Why is the pyramidal peak on Helvellyn range as sharply eroded as some?
It lacks more than 2 corries on the western side of the mountain
32
What are the names of the two corries separated by Striding Edge?
Striding Edge arete separates Red Tarn Corrie and Nethermost Corrie
33
What is the name of the tarn formed in one of the corries below Helvellyn?
Red Tarn
34
Meltwater from Red Tarn glacier did what?
Meltwater flowed into the valley of Glenridding forming a valley glacier which then flowed into a U-shaped valley
35
What erosional feature is there at the bottom of the U-shaped valley made by the Red Tarn meltwater?
a ribbon lake called Ullswater
36
How were the drumlins in the Lake District formed?
Ice depositing layers of till and then moving back over the deposit to sculpt it into egg shaped hills
37
Where is a drumlin field in Lake District?
South of Kendal
38
What are the characteristics of the drumlins south of Kendal?
Lie on carboniferous rocks Range from 50-125m high
39
In which direction do the Kendal drumlins show ice movement?
North to South
40
When was the last glacial retreat?
11,000 years ago
41
What was left when these glaciers retreated 11,000 years ago?
Moraines in the valleys
42
What is a named example of a moraine deposited in the Lake District?
Lateral Moraine on the right bank of Langstrath valley, foot of Greenup Gill
43
Where are crescentic ridges of moraine found?
At the end of Blea Water Tarn in Mardale
44
What kind of moraines are they at the end of Blea Water Tarn in Mardale?
Recessional moraines - each one formed during a stationary period of the glacier on its retreat
45
Where is a small terminal moraine situated?
Southeast of Keswick, Naddle Valley
46
How big and long is the terminal moraine?
200-400m long and 10-15m high with a small lake situated behind it
47
What are erratics?
Boulders or rock transported in the ice, deposited when they ice has no more energy to carry it and do not match the rock type of their surroundings.
48
Which geologic group are most erratics in the Lake District from?
the Borrowdale volcanics group
49
Where are most erratics found in the Lake District?
they were transported 30km southeast and deposited on carboniferous limestone at Witherslate
50
How big can erratics be?
Some are 3m wide in diameter

Glaciated Landscape - 2024 (15 decks)

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