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Oils Flashcards

(52 cards)

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0
Q

What is a hydrocarbon?

A

A hydrocarbon is a compound which contains ONLY hydrogen and carbon.

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1
Q

What is oil?

A

Oils is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons.

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2
Q

How does crude oil form?

A
  • dead plants and animals
  • over millions of years
  • undergo pressure and heat
  • in the absence of oxygen

NB/. Finite resource - we are using the resource at a MUCH faster rate than it is being produced.

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3
Q

How is crude oil mixture separated?

A

Fractional distillation

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4
Q

What are the properties of the oil when it is at the bottom of the fractional distillation column?

A
  • high boiling points
  • long carbon chains
  • strong Van Der Waals forces (intermolecular force of attraction)
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5
Q

What are the properties of the oil when it is at the top of a fractional distillation column?

A
  • low boiling points
  • short carbon chains
  • weak Van Der Waals forces (intermolecular force of attraction)
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6
Q

What is the rhyme for remembering the order of factions in crude oil, and their names? ( from top to bottom! )

A 
Piggy    - petroleum gases ( refinery )
Got       - gasoline
Kicked  - kerosene 
Down    - diesel oil
For        - fuel oil
Bacon   - bitumen
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7
Q

What is petroleum gas used for?

A

Bottles gas

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8
Q

What is gasoline used for?

A

Fuel for cars

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9
Q

What is kerosene used for?

A

Aircraft fuel

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10
Q

What is diesel used for?

A

Diesel fuel

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11
Q

What is fuel oil used for?

A

Fuel for ships

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12
Q

What is bitumen used for?

A

Road surfaces

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13
Q

What are the 4 types of formulae used in organic chemistry?

A

Molecular formula

Empirical formula

Structural formula

Fully displayed formula

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14
Q

What is a molecular formula?

A

A molecular formula shows the numbers of each type of atom in one molecule of the compound.

Eg. C2H6

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15
Q

What is an empirical formula?

A

An empirical formula shows the simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound

Eg. CH3

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16
Q

What is a structural formula?

A

A structural formula shows the way in which atoms are bonded together

Eg. CH3 CH3

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17
Q

What are alkanes?

A

Alkanes are a series of saturated hydrocarbons

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18
Q

What is a fully displayed formula? ( line diagram)

A

A fully displayed formula shows all the atoms and bonds in a molecule of the compound

Eg     H     H
               I       I 
         H - C  - C - H
               I       I
              H      H
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19
Q

What does saturated mean?

A

Compound containing only single bonds

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20
Q

Alkanes are an example of an homologous series.

What is a homologous series?

Study These Flashcards
A

A series of compounds which…

  1. Have a general formula
  2. Have a molecular formula differing from nearest neighbour by a constant amount ( CHz )
  3. Have similar chemical properties
  4. Have physical properties which increase up the series.
21
Q

What is the general formula for alkanes?

22
Q

The name of a alkane is not random. Why? Use methane as example….

Study These Flashcards
A

Meth - means one, it is the number of carbon atoms in the longest straight chain

An - this means that it is saturated (i.e. Contains only single bonds)

E - this means it is a hydrocarbon

23
Q

What are the first 6 names for naming a substance … Eg.. Meth ect..

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Meth
  2. Eth
  3. Prop
  4. But
  5. Pent
  6. Hex
24
What are the 2 ways to structure C4H10?
``` 1. H H H H I I I I H - C - C - C - C - H I I I I H H H H ``` ``` 2. H H H I I I H - C - C - C - H I I I H I H I H - C - H I H ```
25
What is structural isomerism?
Structural isomerism is where 2 or more compounds have the same molecular formula but different strucular formula.
26
What are the reactions of alkanes?
Combustion and incomplete combustion
27
What is the word equation for complete combustion?
Alkane + excess oxygen = carbon dioxide + water
28
In relation to oxygen, what does incomplete combustion and complete combustion mean?
Incomplete combustion- a limited supply of oxygen Complete combustion- in excess oxygen
29
What is the word equation for incomplete combustion?
Alkane + limited supply of oxygen = carbon monoxide + water
30
What three words are always said after carbon monoxide?
Colourless, odourless, and poisonous
31
Why is it dangerous to use a cal or gas heater in a poorly ventilated room?
* incomplete combustion occurs * producing CARBON MONOXIDE * which is colourless, odourless, and poisonous?
32
What is the source of carbon monoxide?
Incomplete combustion occurs ( eg. In a car engine or a poorly ventilated room )
33
What are the problems of carbon monoxide?
Colourless, odourless, and poisonous
34
How do you solve the problem of carbon monoxide?
CATALYTIC CONVERTER
35
What is the source of carbon dioxide?
Respiration and combustion (complete)
36
Why could carbon dioxide be a problem?
It is a greenhouse gas and contributes to global warming
37
How could you solve the problems of carbon dioxide?
Find alternate fuel and energy resources
38
Where would you get sulphur dioxide?
Combustion of fuels containing sulphur impurities
39
What are the problems of sulphur dioxide?
Sulphur dioxide dissolves in rain to make it acidic. (ACID RAIN) • causes erosion of buildings • kills plants and animals
40
How can you solve the problems made by sulphur dioxide?
* de-sulphurise petrol | * scrubbers on power station towers
41
Where do you find oxides of nitrogen?
Car engines | - nitrogen and oxygen + spark
42
What are the problems of oxides of nitrogen?
They dissolve to form acid rain
43
How could you solve the problems made by oxides of nitrogen?
CATALYTIC CONVERTER ( 2 CO + 2 NO = 2 CO2 + N2 ) = - equals a catalyst
44
What is the difference between fractional distillation and cracking?
Fractional distillation - physical reaction Cracking - chemical reaction
45
What is the definition of cracking?
Cracking is when long chain molecules are broken into useful short chain molecules
46
What does cracking do?
Cracking converts HIGH QUANTITY, LOW DEMAND long chain factions into LOW QUANTITY, HIGH DEMAND short chain factions
47
What does cracking turn alkanes into?
Alkanes
48
What is the general formula for alkanes?
Cn H 2n
49
Why are alkenes not used as fuels?
Because they come from alkanes and we can burn alkanes to get fuels.
50
What is the addition reaction for alkenes using bromine?
Ethene + bromine = 1,2-dibromoethane NB./ this is used as a test for alkenes!!
51
What is the reason of using a catalyst?
* it speeds up the reaction * so that you can get it faster * and you don't have to use as much heat!

Chemistry (9 decks)

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