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Parasitology > OL-LEC-2 HELMINTHS INTRO > Flashcards

OL-LEC-2 HELMINTHS INTRO Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of reproduction often occurs in the

Definitive host?
Intermediate host?

A

Sexual -D
Asexual -I

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2
Q

Stages of development of Brugia malayi

A

Microfilaria
L1
L2
L3
L4 larvae
Adult

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3
Q

Which stage of Brugia malayi enters the human body?

A

L3

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4
Q

helminths two phyla that parasitize humans

A

Platyhelminthes
Nematoda

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5
Q

Two classes under nematoda

A

Adenophorea
Secernentea

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6
Q

Two classes under platyhelminthes

A

Cestoda
Trematoda

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7
Q

Most helminths are _____ according to their birthing development

A

oviparous (lays eggs)

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8
Q

Types or other names or larvae in nematodes

A

Rhabditiform
Filariform
Microfilaria

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9
Q

Particular names of larvae specifically true to intestinal nematodes

A

Rhabditiform
Filariform

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10
Q

Microfilaria larvae is particularly true to what type of parasites?

A

Blood nematodes

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11
Q

Parasites that are considered to have microfilaria as their larvae form

A

Brugia malayi
Wuchereria bancrofti
Mansonella ozzardi, perstans
Onchocerca volvulus

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12
Q

Cestodes name of larvae

A

Cystericus
Cysticercoid
Coenurus
Coracidium
Procercoid
Plerocercoid
Hydatid cyst

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13
Q

Dibothriocephalus spp. enumerate (minor diphyllobothrium tapeworms

A

Dibothriocephalus / Diphyllobotrium
nihonkaiense
dentriticus / dentriticum

Diphyllobothrium stemmacephalum = Diphyllobothrium yonagoense

Diphyllobothrium balaenopterae = Diplogonoporus grandis

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14
Q

Spirometra spp enumerate

A

S. erinace, mansoni, theileri

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15
Q

Parasites that has coenurus larvae

A

Taenia multiceps

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16
Q

Parasites with cysticercus - cysticerci as their larvae

A

T. saginata and solium

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17
Q

Parasites with cysticercoid as their larvae

A

Hymenolepis spp.

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18
Q

Parasites with hydatid cyst as their larvae

A

Echinococcus spp.

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19
Q

Human infected with a larvae of Taenia solium

A

cysticercosis

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20
Q

Cysticercosis of cattle is caused by what parasite

A

Larvae of Taenia saginata

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21
Q

Larvae of Taenia solium migrated to brain causes what disease

A

Neurocysticercosis

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22
Q

L1 larvae is also known as

A

coracidium / coracidia

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23
Q

L2 larva is also known as

A

Procercoid

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24
Q

L3 larva is also known as

A

Plerocercoid/ Sparganumi

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25
Q

what do you call an infection of Spirometra

A

Sparganosis (L3 larva is the infective stage)

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26
Q

Trematodes names of larvae

A

Miracidium
Sporocyst
Redia
Cercaria
Metacercaria

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27
Q

Trematodes Primary intermediate hosts

A

Snails
Mollusks
Gastropods

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28
Q

What is required for the embryonation of the egg of trematodes

A

Water (aquatic life cycle)

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29
Q

Two types of Sporocyst

A

Mother and Daughter sporocyst
(1 and 2)

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30
Q

Infective stage of larvaes of trematodes

A

Metacercaria

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31
Q

Mother Sporocyst can develop to?

A

Daughter Sporocyst or

Mother redia to daughter redia

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32
Q

The most common development cycle of most trematodes

A

Egg
Miracidium
Mother Sporocyst
Mother Redia
Daughter Redia
Cercaria
Metacercaria
Adult

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33
Q

The only trematode spp that has a different life cycle

A

Schistosoma spp.

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34
Q

The development cycle of Schistosoma

A

Egg
Miracidium
Mother sporocyst
DAUGHTER SPOROCYST
Cercaria
Adult worm

note: NO REDIA AND METACERCARIA

35
Q

All trematodes are __________ except Schistosoma

A

Hermaphroditic or monoecious

36
Q

All __________ complete their life cycle in one host

A

Nematodes

37
Q

Nematodes that doesn’t only have one host

A

Filarial worms and Dracunculus medinensis

38
Q

The hosts for filarial nematodes

A

Man and insect vector

39
Q

Dracunculus hosts

A

Water flea/ cyclops / copepod as second host

40
Q

All _____________ except __________ complete their life cycle in TWO different hosts

A

Cestodes
Hymenolepis nana

41
Q

Hymenolepis nana is different from other cestodes because?

A

They may or may NOT have an intermediate host

42
Q

Most cestodes have man as their definitive host except?

A

Echinococcus granulosus

43
Q

Echinococcus has man as their ___________ host

A

Intermediate

44
Q

For Taenia solium man servers as _______________ host

A

Both intermediate and definitive

45
Q

What do you call the human infection of Taenia solium if man is the definitive host?

A

Taeniasis

46
Q

What do you call the human infection of Taenia solium if man is the intermediate host?

A

Cysticercosis

47
Q

All _____ complete their life cycle in one definitive host and two intermediate host

A

Trematodes

48
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides embryonated egg can be eaten through?

A

geophagia

49
Q

cyclophyllidean and pseudophyllidean type of life cycle

A

C- terrestrial
P- aquatic

50
Q

In trematodes what level of development is infecting the first intermediate host?

A

Miracidium

51
Q

Miracidium goes out on what part of the egg

A

operculum

52
Q

What level of development of trematodes enters the second intermediate and acts as the infective stage for this host?

A

cercaria

53
Q

Infective stage of trematodes to definitive host

A

Metacercaria

54
Q

Two classes of nematodes

A

Adenophorea and Secernentea

55
Q

Adenophorea and Secernentea difference in eggs

A

A- with plug at either end
S- without plugs at either end

56
Q

Adenophorea and Secernentea difference in excretory system

A

A- without lateral canals
S- with lateral canals

57
Q

Adenophorea and Secernentea difference in caudal papillae

A

A- absent or few
S- numerous

58
Q

Adenophorea and Secernentea difference in stage of larva infective to final host

A

A- first larval stage (trichinella) or embryonated egg (trichuris)

S- Third larval stage or embryonated egg

59
Q

Examples of Secernentea

A

Ascaris
Enterobius
Toxocara cati and canis
Dioctophyme renale
Strongyloides

60
Q

Egg shape of Ascaris

A

cuboidal

61
Q

Egg shape of Enterobius

A

D-shape

62
Q

Egg shape of Toxocara

A

cuboidal

63
Q

Examples of adenophorea

A

Trichuris
Capillaria philippinensis and hepatica
Trihinella spiralis

64
Q

Trichuris egg shape

A

Barrel shape with protruding bipolar plug

65
Q

Capillaria philippinensis egg shape

A

barrel with flat bipolar plug

66
Q

Nematodes, cestodes, and trematodes difference in shape

A

Elongated cylindrical unsegmented

Tape-like, segmented

Leaf-like, unsegemented

67
Q

Nematodes, cestodes, and trematodes difference in sexes

A

Diecious (seperate)

Monoecious

Monoecious except schistosoma

68
Q

Nematodes, cestodes, and trematodes difference in head

A

No suckers, no hacks, some have well developed buccal capsule

Suckers, often with hooks

Suckers, no hooks

69
Q

Nematodes, cestodes, and trematodes difference in alimentary canal

A

Present and complete with an anteriorly terminal mouth and posteriorly subterminal anus

absent

present but incomplete; no anus

70
Q

Nematodes, cestodes, and trematodes difference in body cavity

A

Present

Absent

Absent

71
Q

Nematodes, cestodes, and trematodes difference in mode of infection

A

Infection by ingestion of eggs or penetration of larvae thru surfaces or arthropod vector or ingestion of encysted larvae

generally by encysted larvae

mainly by larval stages, entering intestinal tract, sometimes through the skin

72
Q

Difference of sizes in the sexes of nematodes and trematodes

A

N- Female is larger
T- Male is larger

73
Q

cestodes that has hooks

A

Armed

74
Q

Trematodes are considered ____ since they have suckers but no hooks

A

unarmed

75
Q

Armed cestodes may also contain?

A

crown (rostellum)

76
Q

Purpose of scolex in general

A

holdfast organ

77
Q

Number of suckers in cestodes and trematodes

A

C- 4
T- 2

78
Q

Two types of suckers in trematodes

A

Oral
Ventral (acetabulum)

79
Q

How helminths affect man

A

Pathological lesions
Malnutrition
Acute or chronic

80
Q

Diphyllbothrium latum can cause what deficiency

A

Vit b12 deficiency

81
Q

What type of disease can hookworms produce?

A

Iron deficiency anemia

82
Q

What parasites can cause iron deficiency anemia

A

Hookworms and whipworms

83
Q

Types of malnutrition that parasites can produce

A

Alteration of diet or dietary deficiencies
Interference in antibody production
Decrease of inflammatory reaction
Lowering of resistance

Parasitology (6 decks)

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