Old Exams : Final

Question 1

To compensate for random errors, you use what?

Answer 1

The average

Question 2

What is the normal surgical depth for a BIS value?

Answer 2

40 - 60

Question 3

What is the most immediate indication of a circuit disconnect?

Answer 3

Bellows collapse

Question 4

What is the definition of the isoelectric line?

Answer 4

P-R interval

Question 5

The R-R interval difference in patients based on gender is what?

Answer 5

The larger weight = Decrease HR and increased R-R interval

Question 6

The best type of fluid line to use to monitor BP?

Answer 6

Short and stiffy

Question 7

What is the effect of long sections of IV tubing on dampening of arterial waveforms?

Answer 7

Resonates at lower frequencies
Increased ringing
Decreased dampening

Question 8

What is the effect of tiny amounts of air on dampening the arterial waveform?

Answer 8

Increases compliance

Question 9

What changes occur when measuring arterial waveforms from central body locations to peripheral body locations?

Answer 9

Peripheral has :
increased pulse pressure
steeper dP/dt
Increased systolic pressure
Decreased diastolic pressure
Dicrotic notch occurs later on the waveform

Question 10

Interpretation of the critical damping (damping coefficient) diagram is what?

Answer 10

0.7

Question 11

What is the position of the stopcock of transducer to effectively zero the transducer?

Answer 11

Off to the patient

Open to the atmosphere

Question 12

How do you use an ultrasonic doppler system to determine blood pressure?

Answer 12

Place a flat probe over the radial artery, and the sound will disappear when the cuff exceeds intra-arterial pressure

Question 13

What are the phases of the Korotkoff sounds?

Answer 13

1) Tapping (snap)
2) murmur
3) thumping
4) muffle
5) silence

Question 14

When does the left ventricle get perfused?

Answer 14

Diastole

Question 15

What is the effect of using too small of a BP cuff on blood pressure readings?

Answer 15

Reading is falsely elevated

Question 16

The width of a BP cuff should be what percentage of the extremities circumference?

Answer 16

40%

Question 17

Reentry phenomenon and arrhythmia’s, what is it?

Answer 17

A disorder of impulse transmission creating a reentry loop that shows conducting complications (mechanism of ectopic rhythms)

Question 18

What does hypokalemia cause?

Answer 18

U waves

Question 19

Arterial waveform is best for counting what?

Answer 19

HR

Question 20

Pulse ox is best for counting what?

Answer 20

Pulse rate

Question 21

What does the overdamped arterial system affect the waveform?

Answer 21

Lower sloped

Question 22

What is the importance of mean arterial pressure?

Answer 22

Tissue / organ perfusion

Question 23

What is the importance of systolic arterial pressure?

Answer 23

For suturing
For preventing aneurisms from rupturing
For anastemosis

Question 24

What is SET pulse oximeter use?

Answer 24

Signal extraction technology

Reduces motion artifact

Question 25

What are the effects of the interaction between the resonant frequency of the monitoring system and the frequency components of the BP waveform?

Answer 25

Overshoot / ringing | 0.7 dampening coefficient is optimal

Question 26

What IV dye has the greatest effect on pulse ox reading?

Answer 26

Methylene blue

Question 27

Give the order of greatest effect to least effect of dyes on pulse ox reading?

Answer 27

``` Methylene blue Lymphazurine blue Indocyaniane green Indigo carmine (Fluorosciene no effect) ```

Question 28

What is the most common artifact and error for invasive pressure monitoring?

Answer 28

Ringing

Question 29

What is the physical basis of peripheral arterial tonometry?

Answer 29

Senses pressure by a transducer placed on skin over artery, the intra-arterial pressure is transmitted from inside the vessel through the skin to the transducer

Question 30

What is the accuracy range for pulse ox?

Answer 30

+/- 2 from 70-100% +/- 3 from 50-70%

Question 31

What is an element that affects static calibration and zeroing of pressure transducer systems?

Answer 31

Height

Question 32

What is the effect of a too large BP cuff?

Answer 32

Falsely low BP | and fast return to flow

Question 33

What is a potential error of the auscultatory method of BP determination?

Answer 33

Deflating the cuff too quickly

Question 34

What is the meaning of SpO2?

Answer 34

Saturation pulsatile O2

Question 35

What is the definition of systolic pressure?

Answer 35

Vascular wall tension

Question 36

What is the definition of diastolic pressure?

Answer 36

Driving pressure for blood flow to LV

Question 37

What is the effect of small amounts of dampening on arterial waveforms?

Answer 37

Decreases systolic overshoot | Makes for a better reading

Question 38

What is the effect of large amounts of dampening on arterial waveforms?

Answer 38

Only shows mean pressure

Question 39

Pulse ox is derived from which law?

Answer 39

Beer's law

Question 40

What is the effect hydrostatic pressure on BP readings?

Answer 40

1.87 mmHg per inch

Question 41

How does tubing diameter affect reasonate frequency?

Answer 41

Smaller diameter decreases resonance which increases ringing Larger diameter increases resonance which decreases ringing

Question 42

What is the suggested deflation rate for a manual BP cuff?

Answer 42

3 mmHg / heart beat

Question 43

Which wavelength is displayed as pulse ox waveform on the screen?

Answer 43

Infrared 940 nm

Question 44

For DINAMAP readings, adult readings are given as what pressure? Pediatrics are given as what readings?

Answer 44

Diastolic = adults Mean = peds

Question 45

What is the device that tracks the HR?

Answer 45

Cardiotachometer

Question 46

When using the auscultatory method, which pressures can you get?

Answer 46

Systolic | Diastolic

Question 47

In adults, how often do you change A-line catheters, transducers, and flush tubings?

Answer 47

Every 96 hours