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Ocular Disease Test 2 > Old Material > Flashcards

Old Material Flashcards

1
Q

What is Posterior Embryotoxon

A

Thickened anteriorly displaced Schwalbe’s Line

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2
Q

What to do with Posterior Embryotoxon

A

Check IOPs

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3
Q

What is Axenfeld-Reiger’s Syndrome

A

Bilateral posterior embryotoxon with iris attachments to the displaced Schwalbe’s line. Dental and craniofacial abnormalities present

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4
Q

What to do with Axenfeld-Reiger’s Syndrome

A

Check IOPs, screen for glaucoma

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5
Q

What is Peter’s Anomaly

A

Posterior embryotoxon with iris attachments to the line as well as anterior and central synechia. Poor prognosis

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6
Q

What is Marginal Furrow Degeneration

A

Rare idiopathic thinning between arcus and limbus; in the elderly; nonprogressive and noninflammatory

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7
Q

Terrien’s Marginal Degeneration

A

Thinning that starts superior and moves inferior with opacification and vascularization, ultimately causing curvature changes with a steepening in a sinosidual pattern

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8
Q

Pellucid Marginal Degeneration

A

Rare bilateral noninflammatory PERIPHERAL corneal thinning inferior and between 4 and 8 o clock.

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9
Q

Pellucid Marginal Degeneration presents like:

A

Anterior keratoconus

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10
Q

Anterior Keratoconus has degeneration that is:

A

Central Cornea

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11
Q

How is the corneal graft (PKP) different in anterior keratoconus and pellucid marginal degeneration?

A

Central corneal graft for keratoconus; larger graft to replace central and peripheral cornea in pellucid marginal degeneration

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12
Q

What is Mooren’s Ulcer

A

Rare autoimmune inflammatory process affecting all corneal layers, ultimately destroying half to 3/4 of the cornea; painful and can lead to blindness

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13
Q

How to treat Mooren’s Ulcer?

A

Use pred forte, cycloplegics and a bandage CL to try and promote healing and reduce inflammation

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14
Q

What corneal layer is affected in Meesman’s dystrophy?

A

Corneal epithelium

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15
Q

Messman’s dystrophy is?

A

Formation of microcysts on corneal epithelium that can rupture causing discomfort and possibly VA loss

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16
Q

Epithelial Basement Membrane Disorder is?

A

Disorder of basal lamina. Abnormal turnover and maturation of the basal lamina; may cause discomfort and VA loss

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17
Q

What is granular dystrophy?

A

Corneal stroma; Well defined grayish opacities in stroma that can eventually extend deeper in the cornea causing VA loss

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18
Q

What is lattice dystrophy?

A

Subepithelial opacities that grow and group together, eventually reducing VA and requiring PKP

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19
Q

What is macular dystrophy?

A

Rapid opacification of the cornea with severe VA loss by the 20s and 30s

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20
Q

Which requires immediate hospitalization: Orbital cellulitis or preseptal cellulitis?

A

Orbital Cellulitis

21
Q

How do both orbital cellulitis and preseptal cellulitis present similiarly?

A

Flu like symptoms, fever, lid edema, redness, maybe some VA loss

22
Q

How does orbital cellulitis present differently than preseptal cellulitis?

A

Fever is much higher, restricted and painful EOM movement, VA loss much more pronounced

23
Q

How does preseptal cellulitis differ from orbital cellulitis?

A

Generally secondary to an existing infection

24
Q

What is cavernous sinus thrombosis?

A

Cavernous sinus filling with blood; bilateral even if it starts unilateral it will spread; can have bluish area behind the ears, but looks like bilateral orbital cellulitis with some CN involvement

25
Q

What is orbital pseudotumor?

A

Idiopathic inflammation that must be diagnosed by exclusion; abrupt and painful with swelling, lower VA, choroidal folds seen on BIO

26
Q

Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism?

A

Fatigue, tachycardia with heart palpitations, tremor, fine tremors, heat intolerance, weight loss, diarrhea, muscle weakness

27
Q

Graves’ Ophthalmopathy and what does NOSPECS stand for?

A 
N - No physical signs or symptoms
O - Only signs related to the lids
S - Soft tissue involvement
P - Proptosis
E - EOM involvement 
C - Corneal involvement
S - Sight loss
28
Q

Graves’ signs related to the lids: Dalrymple’s SIgn

A

Widened fissure, upperlid is retracted in primary gaze

29
Q

Graves’ signs related to the lids: Vongraefe’s Sign

A

Lower lid lag on inferior gaze

30
Q

Graves’ signs related to the lids: Kocher’s Sign

A

Frightened stare

31
Q

Graves’ signs related to the lids: Mobius Sign

A

Pain/EOM weakness when converging

32
Q

Graves’ signs related to the lids: Means Sign

A

IR affected, globe lags on upward gaze

33
Q

Graves’ signs related to the lids: Stellwig’s Sign

A

Infrequent blinking

34
Q

Graves’ signs related to the lids: Griffith’s SIgn

A

Lag of lower lid on upward gaze

35
Q

Graves’ signs related to the lids: Boston’s Sign

A

Jerky lid lag

36
Q

Graves’ signs related to the lids: Gifford’s Sign

A

Can’t evert upper lid

37
Q

Graves’ signs related to the lids: Enroth’s Sign

A

Puffy lids

38
Q

What is a dermoid cyst?

A

Mostly benign; mature outgrowth of skin with all associated parts. Can be deep or superficial

39
Q

How does a deep dermoid cyst present?

A

Tends to be older onset, globe is displaced, can have inflammation/scarring

40
Q

How does a superficial dermoid cyst present?

A

Smooth mass that can be superior temporal/nasal to the orbit and has no proptosis

41
Q

What is a capillary hemangioma?

A

Most common benign endothelial tumor (blood vessel endothelium); may see a bluish nevus (strawberry mark) with more proptosis on crying

42
Q

What are the two phases of a capillary hemangioma?

A

Proliferative and involutional

43
Q

What is a cavernous hemangioma?

A

Most common benign tumor in adults; located behind eye muscle cone, causing slow unilateral proptosis. Can eventually cause optic nerve dysfunction

44
Q

What is rhabdomyosarcoma?

A

Most common malignant tumor in kids; RAPID onset and progression, progressive proptosis that presents with lid edema, a palpable mass with a history of nosebleeds. Treat immediately with radiation/chemo

45
Q

Describe Scaphelocephaly

A

Elongated anterior to posterior
A long narrow head resembling an inverted boat
Premature fusion of sagittal suture

46
Q

Describe Trigonocephaly

A

Premature fusion of metopic suture or frontal suture, joining the two halves of the frontal bone
High retreating forehead that is V-shaped

47
Q

Describe Brachycephaly

A

Flat-head syndrome
Coronal suture fusing prematurely
Shortened front-to-back diameter of skull; head disproportionately wide

48
Q

Describe Oxycephaly

A

Tower skull or high-head syndrome

Premature closure of coronal and lambdoidal suture

49
Q

Describe Plagiocephaly

A

Flattening of back/side of the head causing an oblique slant

Ocular Disease Test 2 (6 decks)

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