Old Material

Question 1

the brainstem holds all cranial nerves except which ones?

Answer 1

1 and 2

Question 2

Parkinson’s disease is caused by a defect in this part of the brain

Answer 2

basal ganglia

Question 3

how many arteries supply the spinal cord?

Answer 3

one anterior

two posterior

Question 4

what is the O2 extraction of the brain?

Answer 4

3.5 cc/min/100 g

Question 5

what is the blood supply to the brain?

Answer 5

50 cc/min/100 g

Question 6

what are the three components of the intracranial space?

Answer 6

brain tissue
blood
CSF

Question 7

where is CSF made?

Answer 7

the coracoid plexus

Question 8

why do you not use ketamine in brain surgery?

Answer 8

increases ICP

Question 9

what does uncoupling mean when it comes to the use of inhalational anesthetics?

Answer 9

they will increase cerebral blood flow, but decrease CMRO2

Question 10

what is the opioid of choice for neurological procedures, and why?

Answer 10

remifentanil, because it wears off quickly allowing for a post-op assessment

Question 11

how does succinylcholine affect ICP?

Answer 11

increases it

Question 12

should you use N2O in neuro procedures?

Answer 12

no, it increases ICP and can cause pneumocephalus

Question 13

if the patient is in sitting position, how much space do you want between the chin and the chest?

Answer 13

2 fingerbreaths

Question 14

what is triple H therapy for vasospasm?

Answer 14

hypervolemia
hypertension
hemodilution

Question 15

at what occlusion percentage does someone need a carotid endarterectomy?

Answer 15

70%

Question 16

what is the time frame for an acute MI and a recent MI?

Answer 16

acute MI is in the past 7 days, recent MI is in the past month

Question 17

how long should you wait after a heart attack to have elective surgery?

Answer 17

4-6 weeks?

Question 18

what is claudication?

Answer 18

the patient has pain when they walk due to peripheral artery disease

Question 19

what is the classic triad of symptoms for aortic stenosis?

Answer 19

angina
CHF
syncope

Question 20

what is normal IOP

Answer 20

16 mmHg

Question 21

where is aqueous humor produced?

Answer 21

ciliary body

Question 22

what is echothiophate?

Answer 22

a topical anti-cholinesterase for glaucoma, if patients are on it and given succinylcholine it will increase duration

Question 23

what criteria must a patient meet before regional anesthesia for eye surgery?

Answer 23

able to lie flat
no gastric reflex
no uncontrollable cough
understand language

Question 24

how long should antiplatelet therapy be done for bare-metal and drug-eluting stents?

Answer 24

6 weeks for bare-metal

1 year for drug-eluting

Question 25

at what pO2 will the brain vasodilate?

Answer 25

60 mmHg

Question 26

what level should fiO2 be kept to avoid fire in the OR?

Answer 26

keep O2 concentration 30%

Question 27

what is the afferent and efferent pathways for the oculo-cardiac reflex?

Answer 27

afferent through trigeminal nerve efferent through vagus

Question 28

what are the 5 categories of complications with ophthalmic nerve blocks (TOPHS)?

Answer 28

``` toxins optic nerve injury perforation of globe hemorrhage systemic complications ```

Question 29

how long should patients be monitored after orbital blocks?

Answer 29

20 minutes

Question 30

what is hyaline membrane disease?

Answer 30

neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, decreased surfactant production

Question 31

what is a keratoplasty?

Answer 31

replacement of the cornea with donor tissue

Question 32

what is pterygium?

Answer 32

a benign growth of congunctiva on the eye

Question 33

orbital decompression is the treatment for what?

Answer 33

exophthalmos from graves disease

Question 34

how does newborn O2 consumption compare to adults?

Answer 34

3x larger

Question 35

in children, bradycardia should always be considered what, until proven otherwise?

Answer 35

hypoxia

Question 36

critically ill infants cannot tolerate a Hct lower than what?

Answer 36

35%

Question 37

what are the three shunts in fetal circulation?

Answer 37

PFO PDA placenta

Question 38

what are the four consequences of decreased temperature in neonates (COLD)?

Answer 38

hypervisCosity O2 consumption increased Lactic acidosis Depression of respiration

Question 39

what should PaO2 be maintained at in neonates?

Answer 39

50-80 mmHg

Question 40

where is the glottis located in children vs adults?

Answer 40

C2 in children and C4/C5 in adults

Question 41

what is the allowable blood loss formula?

Answer 41

ABL = EBVx(HCT1-HCT2)/starting HCT

Question 42

classic triad of intracranial hypertension?

Answer 42

hypertension bradycardia apnea

Question 43

what is the hallmark sign of inadequate cardiovascular function in children?

Answer 43

difficulty feeding