Oncology

Question 1

What are the side effects of Vincristine, vinblastine?

Answer 1

Vincristine: Peripheral neuropathy (reversible) , paralytic ileus
Vinblastine: myelosuppression

Question 2

What cytotoxic agent works by Preventing microtubule depolymerisation & disassembly, decreasing free tubulin

Answer 2

Docetaxel

Question 3

What cytotoxic agent works by being a Pyrimidine analogue inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by blocking thymidylate synthase (works during S phase)

Answer 3

Fluorouracil (5-FU)

Question 4

What Cyto toxic agent works by being Purine analogue that is activated by HGPRTase, decreasing purine synthesis?

Answer 4

6-mercaptopurine

Question 5

What are the main side effects of Fluorouracil (5-FU)?

Answer 5

Myelosuppression, mucositis, dermatitis

Question 6

What are the main side effects of Cisplatin?

Answer 6

Nephrotoxicity (the primary dose-limiting side effect), Ototoxicity, peripheral neuropathy, hypomagnesaemia

Question 7

What is the main side effect of Docetaxel?

Answer 7

Neutropaenia

Question 8

How does Cyclophosphamide work?

Answer 8

Alkylating agent - causes cross-linking in DNA

Question 9

What is the main side effect of Irinotecan?

Answer 9

Myelosuppression

Question 10

What are the main side effects of Cytarabine

Answer 10

Myelosuppression, ataxia

Question 11

CA 15-3 is a tumor marker associated with which type of cancer?

Answer 11

Breast cancer

CA 15-3 is primarily used to monitor treatment response in breast cancer patients.

Question 12

What is the main side effect of Anthracyclines (e.g doxorubicin)

Answer 12

Cardiomyopathy

Question 13

What does PSA stand for and what is its association?

Answer 13

Prostate specific antigen; Prostatic carcinoma

PSA is a protein produced by cells of the prostate gland, and its levels can be elevated in prostate cancer.

Question 14

What is the main side effect of Bleomycin?

Answer 14

Lung fibrosis

Question 15

What type of cancer is carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) associated with?

Answer 15

Colorectal cancer

CEA is a marker often used in monitoring colorectal cancer treatment.

Question 16

How does Hydroxyurea (hydroxycarbamide) work?

Answer 16

Inhibits ribonucleotide reductase, decreasing DNA synthesis

Question 17

What is the main side effect of 6-mercaptopurine?

Answer 17

Myelosuppression

Question 18

What are the common side effects of Cyclophosphamide?

Answer 18

Haemorrhagic cystitis, myelosuppression, transitional cell carcinoma

Question 19

How does Fluorouracil (5-FU) work?

Answer 19

Pyrimidine analogue inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by blocking thymidylate synthase (works during S phase)

Question 20

Vincristine, vinblastine work by doing what?

Answer 20

Inhibits formation of microtubules

Question 21

Irinotecan works by doing what?

Answer 21

Inhibits topoisomerase I which prevents relaxation of supercoiled DNA

Question 22

What type of cancer is associated with CA 19-9?

Answer 22

Pancreatic cancer

CA 19-9 is a tumor marker often elevated in patients with pancreatic cancer.

Question 23

Bombesin is associated with which types of cancer?

Answer 23

Small cell lung carcinoma, gastric cancer, neuroblastoma

Bombesin is a peptide that can be elevated in certain neuroendocrine tumors.

Question 24

What is the association of CA 125?

Answer 24

Ovarian cancer

CA 125 is a protein that can be found in higher levels in women with certain types of cancer, particularly ovarian cancer.

Question 25

What cytotoxic agent works by Inhibiting topoisomerase I which prevents relaxation of supercoiled DNA

Answer 25

Irinotecan

Question 26

What Cytotoxic agent works by Inhibiting dihydrofolate reductase and thymidylate synthesis

Answer 26

Methotrexate

Question 27

How does Bleomycin work?

Answer 27

Degrades preformed DNA

Question 28

What Cytotoxic agent works by Degrades preformed DNA

Answer 28

Bleomycin

Question 29

S-100 is a tumor marker associated with which conditions?

Answer 29

Melanoma, schwannomas ## Footnote S-100 is a protein that can be elevated in certain skin cancers and nerve sheath tumors.

Question 30

How does Methotrexate Work?

Answer 30

Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase and thymidylate synthesis

Question 31

How does Cytarabine work?

Answer 31

Pyrimidine antagonist. Interferes with DNA synthesis specifically at the S-phase of the cell cycle and inhibits DNA polymerase

Question 32

How do Anthracyclines (e.g doxorubicin) work?

Answer 32

Stabilizes DNA-topoisomerase II complex inhibits DNA & RNA synthesis

Question 33

How does 6-mercaptopurine work?

Answer 33

Purine analogue that is activated by HGPRTase, decreasing purine synthesis

Question 34

What cytotoxic agent works by Inhibiting ribonucleotide reductase, decreasing DNA synthesis

Answer 34

Hydroxyurea (hydroxycarbamide)

Question 35

What Agent Works by causing cross-linking in DNA

Answer 35

Cyclophosphamide Cisplatin

Question 36

Docetaxel works by doing what?

Answer 36

Prevents microtubule depolymerisation & disassembly, decreasing free tubulin

Question 37

What are the main side effects of Methotrexate?

Answer 37

Myelosuppression, mucositis, liver fibrosis, lung fibrosis

Question 38

What is the main side effect of Hydroxyurea (hydroxycarbamide)?

Answer 38

Myelosuppression

Question 39

Alpha-feto protein (AFP) is associated with which cancers?

Answer 39

Hepatocellular carcinoma, teratoma ## Footnote AFP is a protein that can be elevated in liver cancer and certain germ cell tumors.

Question 40

What Cytotoxic agent works by Stabilizing DNA-topoisomerase II complex inhibits DNA & RNA synthesis

Answer 40

Anthracyclines (e.g doxorubicin)

Question 41

How does Cisplatin work?

Answer 41

Causes cross-linking in DNA

Question 42

What Cytotoxic agent works by being a Pyrimidine antagonist. Interferes with DNA synthesis specifically at the S-phase of the cell cycle and inhibits DNA polymerase

Answer 42

Cytarabine

Question 43

Which cytotoxic agent works by Inhibiting the formation of microtubules

Answer 43

Vincristine, vinblastine