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USMLE > oncology > Flashcards

oncology Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

pearly borders surrounded by fine telangiactasias (what is it, and what is the classic histology)

A
  • basal cell CA

- palisading nuclei and basal cell nests

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2
Q

squamous cell carcinoma (macro and histo findings)… preceded by…

A
  • red scaling plaque
  • keratin pearls
  • actinic keratosis
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3
Q

papillary carcinoma of the thyroid (2 characteristic path findings)

A

-orphan annie eyes and psammoma bodies

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4
Q

homer-wright cells are seen in… which primarily affects… and is located in…

A
  • medulloblastoma (most common brain tumor in kids)
  • causes obstructive hydrocephalus
  • form rosettes around neutropils
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5
Q

link the brain tumor to the path…

  • psammoma bodies
  • perinuclear halo
  • foamy cells and high vascularity
  • rod shaped perinuclear inclusions and pseudo rosettes
A
  • meningioma (older women)
  • oligodendroglioma (adults)
  • hemangioblastoma (adults)
  • ependymoma (kids)
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6
Q

ras gene and its relation to cancer

A

-ras is a G-protein which when mutated can be activated by not inactivated, leading to constitutive activation

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7
Q

what is the most considerable risk factor for poor prognosis with melanoma?

A

-depth of invasion

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8
Q

name a common alkylating agent and its dangerous SE that is treated prophylactically with…

A
  • cyclophosphamide
  • hemorrhagic cystitis
  • mesna
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9
Q

t(14;18) is seen in… which messes with normal function of gene… on chromosome 14, and… on chromosome 18

A
  • follicular lymphoma
  • IgH
  • bcl-2 –> anti-apoptotic … over expressed in follicular lymphoma
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10
Q

most common renal tumor… association with (one behavioral and one genetic)… bonus point for chromosome number

A
  • clear cell renal carcinoma (75%)
  • smokers
  • von Hippel-Lindau (chromosome 3)
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11
Q

Rb is associated with…

A

-osteosarcoma

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12
Q

t(8:14)is a translocation affecting… gene on chromosome 8 and …gene on chromosome 14 is found in… which is associated with…

A
  • c-myc
  • heavy chain Ig
  • burkitts (starry sky)
  • EBV
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13
Q

multiple myeloma has two main sites of pathology… one of which can be due to many different etiologies, name a few… (one of which involves a congo stain)

A
  • lytic bone lesions (often in spine)
  • kidney –> hypercalciuria, bence-jones casts (Ig in urine), METS, amyloid deposits of Ig (can be seen as apple green on congo stain)
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14
Q

roleaux formation looks like… and is associated with…

A
  • single file line of RBCs

- multiple myeloma

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15
Q

most common primary brain tumor and associated histopath….

A
  • GBM (usually older pts)
  • irregular ring enhancing lesion with central necrosis
  • pseudopalisading
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16
Q

tx for SLCC…

A

-combo therapy with cisplatin and etoposide

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17
Q

what is a kruckenberg tumor…. classic histology… most common site for the primary lesion…

A
  • mucin producing tumor, most commonly primary to the stomach but can be anywhere on the GI tract
  • signet ring cells
  • often associated with ovarian METS
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18
Q

t(9;22) is a problem with the… gene on chromosome 9 and … gene on chromosome 22. it is associated with… which can progress to…

A
  • abl (oncogene)
  • bcr (unknown function)
  • CML
  • blast crisis, AML
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19
Q

smudge cells are seen in…

A

-CLL/SLL

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20
Q

trousseau sign is… and is associated with…

A
  • migratory thrombophlebitis (appearing and disappearing clots in peripheral vasculature, causing pain and swelling)
  • pancreatic adenocarcinoma
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21
Q

ewing’s sarcoma… who… where… histo

A
  • boys, age <15
  • diaphysis of long bones
  • sheets of small blue cells
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22
Q

tumor of bone in young/middle aged womens… imaging…

A
  • giant cell tumor, locally aggressive
  • epiphysis of long bones
  • soap bubble
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23
Q

methotrexate can be used as an anti-neoplastic agent, but also as… (2)

A
  • immunosuppressant

- abortfacient

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24
Q

tumor marker in hepatocellular carcinoma… which is also raised in…

Study These Flashcards
A
  • AFP

- yok sac tumor

25
TRAP protein is associated with...
-b-lymphocyte tumors
26
hepatocellular carcinoma WITHOUT preceding cirrhosis?
-HBV (which is hepadnavirus)
27
knowing the HER2/neu and c-erbB2 is helpful in assessing effectiveness of tx of .... cancer with .... drug
- invasive breast cancer | - trastuzumab
28
superior venacava syndrome (pathogenesis)
- due to compression of superior vena cava, most often from squamous cell carcinoma of the lung - leads to swelling of head and neck
29
myasthenic like syndrome called... seen with underlying...
- lambert eaton myesthenic syndrome | - small cell lung cancer
30
rituximab is targeted at ... marker on cells, seen in .... (type of cancer)
- CD20 | - follicular lymphoma
31
bitemoral vistibular schwannomas are pathognomonic for ... which is also associated with... (2). it is due to a defect in... gene on chromosome....
- nuerofibromatosis type 2 - blurry vision and meningiomas - merlin (or NF2) gene on chromosome 22
32
cells with bilobed nuclei staining positive for CD15 and CD30... associated with ...
- reed sternberg cells | - hodgkin's lymphoma
33
AML pts are at increased risk for...
-DIC
34
gastric cancer is associated with... (4)
- dietary nitrosamines (smoked foods) - H.pylori - pernicious anemia - japaneese
35
extra-gastric signs of gastric cancer (3)
- virchow node (supraclavicular) - sister mary josephy node (para-umbilical) - blumer's shelf node (rectal shelf)
36
promyelocytic leukemia is due to a translocation between... gene on chromosome .... and ... gene on chromosome ... and buzzword
- t(15;17) - PML on 15 - retinoic acid receptor on 17 - auer rods
37
what chromosome is familial adenomatous polyposis located on?
-chromosome 5
38
molar pregnancy, what is it and how does it present?
- fertilized egg that has lost it's chromosomes or egg fertilized with two sperm - month 4 or 5 with vaginal bleeding, markedly enlarged uterus and markedly elevated B-hCG
39
most common fetal neoplasm? (also where and why this type?)
- teratoma | - sacrococcygeal, remnant of the primitive streak, has the potential to develop into many tissue types
40
coin lesion and PTHrP suggest.... which is located...
- squamous cell carcinoma of the lung | - centrally located, bronchogenic
41
wilms tumor... presentation, gene, chromosome
- 2-4 yr old, non-painful mass - deletion of WT1 (tumor suppressor gene) - chromosome 11
42
sarcoma (what does that even mean)
-neoplasm of mesenchymal origin... bone, muscle, fat
43
cancers that commonly MET to the brain (only 15% of cancers do! name 3)
- primarily breast and lung, and then melanoma | - intracranial METs are responsible for 50% of brain tumors
44
WAGR... get after it
- wilms tumor - aniridia (partial or complete loss of iris) - genital/genitourinary abnormalities - retardation * *can present with beckwith-wiedeman syndrome (overgrowth of everything)
45
courvoisier's sign... and is associated with ...
- jaundice with palpable, non-tender gallbladder | - pancreatic cancer
46
what syndrome relates brain tumors and colorectal tumors? bonus for the genes involved... (2 different varieties)
- turcot's syndrome - APC mutation ... polyposis and medulloblastoma - hMLH1 (mismatch repair) ... polyposis and GBM
47
what are the B symptoms (3) and what are they associated with?
- fever, night sweats, weight loss | - hodgkin and non-hodgkin lymphoma
48
what is struma overii
- tumor of the ovary that has thyroid tissue within (monodermal teratoma) - often presents with symptoms of hyperthyroid
49
primary brain tumor with polycythemia? tell me as much as you can...
- tumor is hemangioblastoma, foamy cells with high vascularity on histopathology - associated with von Hippel-Lindau, mutation of VHL gene on chromosome 3
50
aflatoxins are implicated in what type of cancer...
-hepatocellular carcinoma
51
nitrosamines are found in... and are associated with... cancer
- smoked foods | - gastric
52
tuberous sclerosis...
- learn this maybe? - stem has all kinds of things wrong with someone lesions everywhere, all kinds of -omas - typically intellectually delayed and with epilepsy
53
old man with multiple tumors in the spine, think about...
-METS from prostate cancer resulting in adenocarcinoma
54
second most common malignancy of children ... associated genetic mutation ... most common location for primary tumor?
- neuroblastoma - N-myc - adrenal medula
55
most common cancer of the bladder? and a few risk factors (3(one fun one))
- transitional cell carcinoma | - smoking, radiation (prostate), cyclophosphamide tx (oops)
56
painless hematuria makes you think ... in adults and ... in kids
- bladder cancer (transitional cell carcinoma most likely) | - IgA nephropathy
57
most common lung cancer overall, and most common lung cancer in never smokers, and women ... where is it located... prognosis... tx ...
- adenocarcinoma - periphery - excellent prognosis - surgical excision
58
textile industry and aniline dies are associated with ...
-transitional cell cancer
59
carcinogens associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (3)
- carbon tetracholride - aflatoxins - vinyl chloride

USMLE (17 decks)

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