repro Flashcards

(51 cards)

1
Q

bag of grapes in ultrasound… what happened?

A
  • complete mole
  • 46 (XY) all paternal genetic material
  • abnormally large, distended uterus with no normal fetal products
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

normal cell lining of male repro tract, starting with rete testes and ending with urethra

A
  • simple cuboidal with flagella (rete testes)
  • pseudostratified columnar with sterocilia (epididymis)
  • pseudostratified columnar (vas deferens)
  • urothelium (urethra)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

monozygotic twins, tell me how many placenta, chorions and amnions if division occurs between [0-4], [4-8], [8-12] days… also which is most common?

A
  • mono or diplacenta, dichorionic/diamniotic
  • monoplacenta, monochorionic/diamniotic
  • monoplacenta, monochorionic/monoamniotic
  • **75% are mono/di due to division during days 4-8
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

typical lab values in menopause (E2, FSH, LH)

A
  • decreased E2, increased FSH and LH (without surge)

- decreased estrogen is primary actor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

histology of pagets disease of the breast…

A

-large cells with halos, often with underlying islands of tumor cells in fibrous tissue… (pagets often has underlying ductal carcinoma which presents with underlying fibrous tissue on exam)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

hormone levels in PCOS (E2, LH, FSH, progesterone)

A
  • hallmark of PCOS is chronically elevated LH… (LH:FSH >3)
  • leads to increased androgen and therefore increased E2
  • decreased progesterone (no LH surge, no ovulation, no progesterone)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

eye infection in neonates can be due to 2 common pathogens, but present at different times, name both and when they are likely to present.

A
  • n. gonorrhea: 2-5 days

- chlamydia: 5-14 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

placental abruption vs placental previa

A
  • abruption slightly more common, associated with smoking, cocaine use, uterine trauma, HTN, fibroids– presents with painful vaginal bleeding
  • previa, slightly less common, due to placenta attaching over cervical os, can be diagnosed via ultrasound
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

primary bacteria of vaginal flora (also what classification are they) and their benefits…

A
  • lactobacilli, gram + facultative anaerobes

- keep the pH low to prevent pathogenic infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

prenatal external genitalia development in boys is due to

A

-DHT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

categorize Brenner’s tumors, bonus point for histo

A
  • epithelial tumor of the ovary (least common subtype)

- nests of transitional cells with coffee bean nuclei along fibrous stroma– cells resemble transitional cells of bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

triple screen (AFP, b-HCG, estriol) what are two diseases that AFP can tell you about? (one up and one down)

A
  • increased AFP… neural tube defect

- decreased AFP… down syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

sildenafil is a medication for… (also MOA, and contraindication). what is another use for this med…

A
  • erectile dysfunction
  • inhibition of PDE-5 (phosphodiesterase-5) which prevents degradation of cGMP, enhancing effects of NO
  • unsafe in combination with nitrates (unsafe drop in BP)
  • pulmonary HTN
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

call-exner bodies are seen in…

A

-granulosa cell tumors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

friable cervix, greenish discharge… how do you identify it, how do you treat it?

A
  • trichomonas
  • giemsa stain, flagellated organisms
  • metronidazole
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

b-HCG levels in normal pregnancy increase at what rate?

A

-double every 1.5 to 2 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

meig’s syndrome (3)

A
  • benign ovarian cyst
  • ascites
  • pleural effusion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

candida is associated with what vaginal pH…

A

-normal… (<4.5)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are cardinal ligaments… what important structures do they contain?

A
  • they are ligaments that help support the cervix

- contain the uterine artery and veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

B-hCG has an identical alpha subunit as… (3)

A

-FSH, LH, TSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

mumps orchitis causes infertility by what mechanism… (bonus points for type of epithelium that is affected)

A

-inflammation of the epididymis

22
Q

penis at 12 disease…

A

-5alpha-reductase deficiency

23
Q

in the presence of meullerian inhibiting factor in men, the meullerian ducts become…

A

-prostatic utricle and APPENDIX testes…

24
Q

mesonephric ducts become….

A

SEED

  • seminal vesicles
  • epididymis
  • ejaculatory ducts
  • ductus deferns
25
which hormone is responsible for the change in body temperature exploited by the temperature method of natural family planning?
-progesterone produced by corpus luteum
26
it is normal to have 1-4 mL of white to yellow vaginal discharge daily.
-i don't know, remember that.
27
what chromosome are BRCA1 and BRCA2 located on? (bonus points if you can name another genetic disease located on each)
- BRCA1: chromosome 17... neurofibromatosis type 1 (NFT2 is on 22) - BRCA2: chromosome 13... retinoblastoma
28
what does SRY region code for?
- testes determining factor... | * *testes then produce MIH and testosterone
29
foul smelling green vaginal discharge?
-trichomoniasis
30
bug with helical shape, two membranes and two flagella
-treponema
31
triad of preeclampsia...
-HTN, proteinuria, nondependent edema (edema of face and extremities)
32
multiple masses in the uterine wall and/or submucosa... presents with dysmenorrhea, abnormal bleeding, etc
-fibroids, leimyoma
33
what do sertoli cells secrete during embryonic development?
-muellerian inhibiting factor
34
what is the problem in globozoospermia?
-the golgi never matures into the acrosome, leads to male infertility, the sperm are round and cannot fertilize the egg
35
two most significant factors for increasing risk of testicular cancer
- klienfelters | - cryptorchidism
36
painful genital ulcer and lymphadenopathy... (name of disease and bonus points for pathogen)
- chancroid | - haemophilus ducreyi
37
give clinical presentation of hydrops and MOA
- autoimmune attack of RBC's by maternal IgG across placenta... Rh- mom gives birth to Rh+ kid - hepatosplenomegaly and ascites
38
what phase of the cell cycle are oocytes in... from birth until LH surge.... and at the time of ovulation
- prophase I | - metaphase II
39
what kind of tumor has a "glomeruloid" appearance on histology
-yolk sac
40
what kind of tumor has fried egg appearance on histology
-seminoma | oligodendroglioma
41
what hormone helps dilate the cervix during labor...
- oxytocin | - posterior pituitary
42
name pathogen responsible for itchy, fishy vagina... and tx...
- gardenarella vaginalis | - metronidazole
43
tx for leiomyoma...
-GnRH agonist... leuprolide
44
tertiary syphilis affects... (3)
- CNS - aorta - MSK
45
suspensory ligament contains some important structures...
-ovarian artery and vein
46
most common form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia... what serum marker do you look for...
- 21-hydroxylase deficiency | - 17-hydroxyprogesterone
47
pelomorphic gram variable rod is... and presents with...
- gardenerella | - itchy, fishy, vagina
48
complications of preeclampsia.. (4)
- DIC - ATN - acute fatty liver - HELLP syndrome (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets)
49
nosocomial UTI...(4) what if it produces red-pigment... (1)
- e.coli, klebsiella, proteus, psuedomonas | - serratia
50
serratia, most commonly associated with the presentation of .... morphologically, it is classed as....
- nosocomial UTI | - gram negative, facultative anaerobic rod
51
triple test results with elevated alpha fetoprotein and NL B-hCG and estriol levels....
-neural tube defect