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Interim 6 > Oncology Preperations > Flashcards

Oncology Preperations Flashcards

(128 cards)

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1
Q

Antibiotics used in treating tumor

A

Doxorubicin,epirubicin,idarubicin,Valrubicin

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2
Q

We need to check blood count after chemo approx after

A

2 weeks

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3
Q

Anticancer chemotherapeutic agents

A

Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin, methotrexate,fluorouracil,fludarabine,irinotecan, vincristine,paclitaxel

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4
Q

Growth factor inhibitor ( MABs)

A

Bevacizumab, Rituximab,Trastuzumab

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5
Q

Kinase inhibitors

A

Imatinib

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6
Q

Anticancer immunotherapy

A

Pembrolizumab

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7
Q

Dexrazoxane is a cardio protective agent given with

A

Doxorubicin

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8
Q
A
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9
Q

Neoadjuvant therapy

A

Reduce primary tumor size, eliminate cancer cells that spreads to other locations

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10
Q

Primary therapy

A

Eliminate tumor

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11
Q

Adjuvant therapy

A

Eliminate remaining cancer cells

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12
Q

Treatment options for cancer

A

Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, targeted therapy

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13
Q

Regional therapy means

A

Administration of drug directly into the organ cavity

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14
Q

Parenteral chemotherapy administration may cause

A

Extravasation ( locat tissue damage of varying severity)

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15
Q

Neoadjuvant therapy

A

Prescribed to patients which have wide spread local tumor,but no metastasis to other organs,it reduce the tumor size and post CT ,it is possible to continue treatment surgically

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16
Q

CT helps to prevent the development of

A

Metastases

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17
Q

Cytotoxic

A

Kill all rapidly proliferating cells

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18
Q

Cytostatic

A

Prevent cell division,allowing control points to be restored,but doesn’t cause cell death

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19
Q

Modes of action of antitumour drugs depends on

A

Dose and cell cycle phase at the time of administration

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20
Q

Typical cytotoxic agents include

A

Mitosis inhibitor,DNA alkylants,DNA replication inhibitor

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21
Q

CT uses cytotoxic agents with targeted effect on some of the cell cycle phase, especially

A

S or DNA synthesis phase

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22
Q

Which cells are not affected during CT

A

Cells that are in G0 or dormant phase

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23
Q

Duration of CT

A

CT is applied cyclically every 3 to 4 weeks

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24
Q

Dose for tumor therapy is based on ,helps to reduce the side effects

A

The body surface area of each patient

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25
Triple negative tumor ( breast cancer)is usually treated using
Chemotherapy
26
27
Hormone receptor positive breast tumor are treated by
Hormone therapy
28
HER2 full form
Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2
29
Function of HER2
It is a transmembrane receptor on cell surface or Tyrosine kinase and plays a role in cell growth,blood vessel formation, inhibition of apoptosis,cell adhesion and cell invasion
30
VEGF
Vascular endothelial growth factor, stimulate angiogenesis ( endothelial cells proliferation, migration, vascular permeability, production of various vasoactive molecules
31
New antitumour immunotherapy is represented by
Checkpoint inhibitors
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PD1 receptor or programmed cell death receptor
A negative regulator of T cells activity that controls T lymphocyte immune response
34
Regulation of PDL1 leads to
The escape of melanoma, kidney and stomach cancer from host immune system
35
Targeted therapy examples
Antibodies against HER2 receptor, against VEGF, tyrosine kinase inhibitors etc
36
Tumor agnostic therapy
Treat all cancers that have similar oncogenic genetic mutation or biomarker to which the drug is exposed ( biologic only)
37
Alkylating agents
Cyclophosphamide
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Anti cancer antibiotics
Doxorubicin
40
Antimetabolite
Fluorouracil, methotrexate, Fludarabine
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Plant alkalods- topoisomerase inhibitor
Etoposide, Irinotecan
42
Plant alkalods-inhibitors of mitosis
Vincristine, paclitaxel
43
Antimetabolite inhibits
DNA synthesis
44
Alkalyting agents and antitumour antibiotics action
Deform DNA structure,inhibit topoisomerase activity,alter RNA transcription or it's structure
45
Plant alkalods-disrupts
Microtubule dynamic or affect topoisomerase functions
46
Antineoplastic agents action
Require chemical or enzymatic modification to obtain cytostatic activity
47
Taxanes same as
Paclitaxel
48
Vinca alkaloids same as
Vincristine
49
Podophyllotoxin derivatives
Etoposide
50
Camptothecin same as
Irinotecan
51
Non specific inhibition of cell cycle phases are done by drug classes
Alkalyting agents,Anthracycline antibiotics ( Tumor cells are sterilized regardless of cell cycle phases- both mitosis and interphase)
52
Specific inhibition of cell life cycle phases
Antimetabolites,Taxanes( paclitaxel),Vinca alkaloids ( Vincristine), Podophyllotoxin derivatives ( etoposide), Camptothecin (irinotecan)
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M phase specific drugs
Vincristine, vinblastine, paclitaxel
54
S phase specific drugs
Irinotecan,topotecan, methotrexate,6-mercaptopurine,hydroxyurea, cytosine arabinoside
55
Alkylating agents -cyclophosphosphamide is similar to
Nitrogen mustard
56
Alkylating agent - cyclophosphamide action
Adds alkyl group to DNA molecule So in cancer cells they form cross links,which cause defective replication and transcription ( inhibition of DNA and RNA synthesis - cytotoxic and cytostatic effect) 2.in B lymphocytes - cause Immunosuppressive effect
57
Clinical use of cyclophosphamide ( alkylating agents)
Breast cancer, Autoimmune disease ( scleroderma,systemic vasculitis),immune suppression in Transplantology
58
Side effects of cyclophosphamide ( alkylating agents)
Nausea, vomiting, haemorrhagic cystitis
59
Drug Mesna use
Uroepithelial protector,reduces haemorrhagic cystitis caused by cyclophosphamide metabolite ( acrolein)
60
Antidote for cyclophosphamide ( alkylating agents)
Mercaptoethane sulfonate
61
Anthracycline antibiotics - Doxorubicin action
Inhibition of topoisomerase 2, intercalation between nucleotides, production of free radicals ( hydroxyl radicals) Inhibition of DNA and RNA synthesis,induce apoptosis, cytotoxic and cytostatic effect
62
Clinical use of Doxorubicin ( Anthracycline antibiotics)
Breast cancer,acute lymphocytic leukemia
63
Side effects of Doxorubicin ( Anthracycline antibiotics)
Highly emetogenic drug, alopecia, cardiotoxicity
64
Antimetabolite (. pyrimidine analogue) fluorouracil ( 5-FU) action
Uracil analogue, inhibition of DNA and RNA synthesis 1.Fluoro deoxyuridine monophosphate ( FdUMP)- inhibition of thymidilate synthetase, inhibition of DNA synthesis 2.Fluorouridine triphosphate ( FUTP)- inhibition of RNA synthesis Cytostatic and cytotoxic effect
65
Clinical use of antimetabolite ( pyrimidines analogue)- Fluorouracil)
Breast cancer,colorectal cancer
66
Side effects of Fluorouracil
Stomatotoxicity,weak emetogenic drug
67
Very slow reversible inhibitor of Dihydrofolate reductase ( DHFR) is
Methotrexate
68
Methotrexate inhibits the conversion of
FH2( Dihydrofolate) to FH4( Tetrahydrofolate)
69
Leucovorin is
Calcium folinate ( tetrahydrofolic acid derivative),which is the active form of folic acid
70
Leucovorin use
In Folic acid rescue therapy with moderate to high dose of Methotrexate 2.in combination with 5 FU to increase the amount of cofactor and potentiate 5 FU activity
71
Antimetabolite ( purine analogue) - Fludarabine action
Active metabolite- F-ara- ATP( deoxyadenosine monophosphate analogue) Cause DNA polymerase inhibition and inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase Inhibition of DNA synthesis Cytotoxic and cytostatic effect
72
Clinical use of antimetabolite ( purine analogue - - Fludarabine
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia ( CLL)
73
Side effects of antimetabolite -purine analogue - Fludarabine
Myelosuppression
74
Etoposide is a
Semi synthetic podophyllotoxin derivatives
75
Plant alkalods-topoisomerase 2 inhibitors - etoposide action
Inhibition of topoisomerase 2,free radicals production DNA and RNA synthesis inhibition Cause DNA double helix break,inhibits mitochondrial function, induce apoptosis Cytotoxic and cytostatic effect
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Clinical use of plant alkaloid- topoisomerase 2 inhibitors - etoposide
Lung cancer,acute leukemia,non Hodgkin lymphoma
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Side effects of etoposide ( plant alkalods-topoisomerase 2 inhibitors)
Neurotoxicity
78
Plant alkaloid- (Topoisomerase 1 inhibitor)- irinotecan is a
Camptothecin derivative and prodrug
79
Plant alkaloid-- topoisomerase 1 inhibitor - irinotecan action
Topoisomerase 1 inhibition, inhibition of replication and transcription, DNA and RNA synthesis inhibition,can induce apoptosis Cytotoxic and cytostatic effect
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Clinical use of plant alkaloid-- Topoisomerase 1 inhibitor - irinotecan
Colorectal cancer
81
Irinotecan breaks only --- strands of double stranded DNA
Single
82
Unlike topoisomerase 2, Topoisomerase 1 do not require
ATP
83
Side effects of plant alkalods-topoisomerase 1 inhibitor - irinotecan
Diarrhea
84
Vinca alkaloids bins to
Tubulin monomers, prevent their growth and microtubule network collapse
85
Taxanes in tubules
Stabilise the structure and prevent disassembly on the minus end,cells become overloaded and cause mitotic crisis
86
Mitosis inhibitor - vinca Rosea alkaloid - vincristine action
Inhibition of beta tubulin,bound to beta tubulin monomer,inhibits microtubule polymerization - inhibition of mitosis Cytotoxic and cytostatic effect
87
Clinical use of vincristine ( mitosis inhibitor - vinca Rosea alkaloid)
Leukemia
88
Side effects of vincristine ( vinca Rosea alkaloid)
Neurotoxicity
89
Mitosis inhibitor - paclitaxel are
Taxanes,Taxus brevifolia alkaloid-
90
Mitosis inhibitor - paclitaxel action
Inhibition of beta tubulin,inhibits microtubule depolymerization - inhibition of mitosis Cytotoxic and cytostatic effect
91
Clinical use of mitosis inhibitor - paclitaxel
Breat cancer and lung cancer
92
Adjuvant combination therapy can be done using
Paclitaxel+ cyclophosphamide+ Doxorubicin
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Side effects of mitosis inhibitor - paclitaxel
Neurotoxicity,risk of tissue damage ( necrosis) in case of extravasation
94
SE of Chemotherapy agents in bone marrow
Myelosuppression including neutropenia and risk of infection, thrombocytopenia, anemia
95
SE of chemotherapy in GIT
Mucosal lesion and ulcers( mucositis), Nausea and vomiting, Diarrhea
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SE in nervous system
Neurotoxicity and polyneuropathy
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SE in hair follicles
Alopecia
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SE in reproductive organs
Menstrual disorders include premature menopause, impaired spermatogenesis
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SE in immunity
Impaired wound healing,risk of infections
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SE in fetus
Teratogenic effect ( especially in first trimester
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Very emetogenic chemotherapy drugs
Doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide,cisplatin
102
Cisplatin is
Platinum based. Antitumour argent
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Moderate emetogenic chemotherapy drugs
Etoposide,taxanes, camptothecin
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Weakly emetogenic chemotherapy drugs
Vinca alkaloids, methotrexate, Fluorouracil
105
Main group of drugs that causes alopecia are
Anthracycline antibiotics, mitosis inhibitor, alkylating agents
106
Most cardiotoxic antitumour agents are
Doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, Trastuzumab
107
What to give for cardio protection
ACE I or BAB
108
To prevent life-threatening infections and bleeding,--- agents are given during CT
Agents that stimulate formation of cells in bone marrow
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2 main groups of targeted anticancer agents are
Monoclonal antibodies and synthetic small molecules
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Monoclonal antibodies have large structure so they act on
Cell surface
111
Administration of antibodies are
Parenteral and intermittent
112
PDGF is
Thrombocyte growth factor
113
Bcr- Abi Tyrosine kinase is formed by
Mutations in tumor cells
114
Kinase inhibitor - Imatinib action
Inhibition of Bcr-abl tyrosine kinase, prevent signalling proteins auto phosphorylation Cytostatic effect and induces apoptosis
115
Clinical use of kinase inhibitor - imatinib
Chronic myeloid leukemia ( Philadelphia chromosome (Bcr-abl)+ ve ,acute lymphocytic leukemia
116
Inhibitors of angiogenesis - bevacizumab action
Anti-VEGF,inhibits proliferation of vascular endothelial cells,reduces microvascularization of tumor, anti angiogenic activity, cytostatic effect
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Clinical use of bevacizumab ( inhibitor of angiogenesis)
Metastatic colorectal cancer ( in combination with 5FU Diabetic maculopathy( macular edema) intravitreal
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SE of Bevacizumab ( inhibitor of angiogenesis)
Cardiotoxicity
119
Trastuzumab ( growth factor inhibitor) action
Anti EGF Binds to extracellular HER 2 domain and block it.Antibody dependent cytotoxic effect, Cytostatic effect
120
Clinical use of Trastuzumab ( Growths factor inhibitor)
HER 2 positive metastatic breast cancer
121
Side effects of Trastuzumab ( Growth Factor inhibitor)
Cardiotoxicity
122
Growth factor inhibitor ( Rituximab) action
Anti CD 20( CD 20 protein on B lymphocyte), Antibody defined and complement determined cytotoxic effect, induce apoptosis Immunosuppressive
123
Clinical use of Rituximab ( Growth Factor inhibitor
Non Hodgkin lymphoma, Rheumatoid arthritis
124
Pembrolizumab is
anti PD1, cytostatic effect, induce apoptosis
125
Clinical use of pembrolizumab
Monotherapy for the treatment of advanced or metastatic melanoma, In monotherapy or combination for the treatment of various locally advanced or metastatic tumor ( head and neck cancer, bladder carcinoma, Renal carcinoma)
126
SE of pembrolizumab
Cardiotoxicity
127
PDL 1 is present in
Tumor cells
128
PD1 present in
in T lymphocyte

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