open science and other current issues Flashcards
(17 cards)
What is the replication crisis in psychology?
It refers to the problem that many psychological studies cannot be successfully repeated with the same results.
What did Bem’s (2011) ‘Feeling the Future’ study claim?
That people could predict erotic images better than chance, suggesting psychic ability.
Why is Bem’s (2011) study problematic despite statistical significance?
The conclusion is implausible, yet the study used accepted methods and was published in a reputable journal.
What is publication bias?
The tendency for journals to publish studies with significant or surprising results while ignoring non-significant ones.
What is the file drawer problem?
When non-significant results are not published and remain hidden, leading to biased literature.
What does HARKing stand for?
Hypothesising After the Results are Known.
What is p-hacking?
Manipulating data or analyses until a statistically significant result (p < .05) is found.
What are researcher degrees of freedom?
The flexibility to choose different ways of analysing data, which can lead to biased results.
What are false positives in research?
Results that appear statistically significant but are actually due to chance.
Why are underpowered studies problematic?
They often miss true effects and increase the likelihood of false positives.
What is Open Science?
A movement to make research more transparent, accessible, and reproducible.
What is meant by open materials?
Sharing all study instructions, code, and stimuli so others can replicate the study.
What is open data?
Making raw data publicly available so others can reanalyse or verify the results.
What is preregistration in research?
Documenting the study plan, hypotheses, and analyses before collecting data to avoid bias.
What platforms support preregistration?
Open Science Framework and AsPredicted.
How does preregistration prevent questionable practices?
It locks in the study design and analysis plan, making it harder to p-hack or HARK.
What are the benefits of Open Science practices?
They improve trustworthiness, transparency, and the ability to replicate studies.
