operant conditioning Flashcards
what is operant conditioning?
where learning occurs due to the consequences of an action
what are the FIVE scheduals of reinforcement?
1) fixed ratio
2) variable ratio
3) fixed interval
4) variable interval
5) continous
what is continuous?
where the desired effect is reinforced everytime it occurs
what is a fixed ratio?
the number of times an action must be done in order to be rewarded for it
what is a variable ratio?
where the number of necessary correct responses is constantly altered
what is a fixed interval?
a set amount of time between occurrences of something like a reward
what is a variable interval?
where the time bertween reinforcements is varied
what is behaviour shaping?
the process of breaking down a new behavior into a series of steps and gradually guiding the subject toward the desired outcome
what is behaviour shaping used for normally?
to teach tricks to animals
what is a reinforcer?
something that increases the likelihood of a desired behaviour
what is positive punishment?
when something bad is added to stop undesirable behaviour
what is positive reinforcement?
adding something good (a reward) for doing a desirable behaviour
what is negative punishment?
taking something away to stop the undesirable behaviour
what is negative reinforcement?
when something negative is taken away AFTER the desired behaviour is shown
primary reinforcer
things we depend on for survival
