Operating System

Question 1

software that provides an interface between the computer hardware, and the application programs or users.

is a large and complex software consisting of several components.

Answer 1

Operating System

Question 2

Types of OS

Answer 2

(1)Single user
(2) Multiuse
(3) Multitasking
(4) Multiprocessing
(5) Real time
(6) Embedded

Question 3

is for use by a single user for a standalone single computer for performing a single task.

Answer 3

Single User and Single Task OS

Question 4

allows execution of more than one task or process concurrently.

Answer 4

Single User and Multitasking OS

Question 5

is used in computer networks that allow same data and applications to be accessed by multiple users at the same time.

Answer 5

Multiuser OS

Question 6

have two or more processors for a single running process. Processing takes place in parallel and is also called parallel processing

Answer 6

Multiprocessing OS

Question 7

are designed to respond to an event within a predetermined time.

Answer 7

Real Time OS

Question 8

is embedded in a device in the ROM.

Answer 8

Embedded OS

Question 9

Process Management activities handled by the OS are:

Answer 9

control access to shared resources like file, memory, I/O and CPU
control execution of applications
create, execute and delete a process (system process or user process)
cancel or resume a process
schedule a process
synchronization,communication and deadlock handling for processes.

Question 10

Memory Management handled by OS are:

Answer 10

locate memory
free memory
re-allocate memory to a program when a used block is freed
keep track of memory usage.

Question 11

File Management tasks include

Answer 11

create and delete both files and directories
provide access to files
allocate space for files
keep back-up of files
secure files.

Question 12

Device Management tasks handled by OS are:

Answer 12

open, close and write device drivers
communicate, control and monitor the device driver.

Question 13

OS protects the resources of system. User authentication, file attributes like read, write, encryption, and back-up of data are used by OS to provide basic protection.

Answer 13

Protection and Security

Question 14

Operating system provides an interface between the computer user and the computer hardware.

It is a set of commands or a graphical user interface via which the user interacts with the applications and the hardware.

Answer 14

User Interface or Command Interpreter

Question 15

A process is a program in a state of execution. It is a unit of work for the operating system. A process can be created, executed, and stopped.

The ____ function of an operating system handles allocation of resources to the processes in an efficient manner.

Answer 15

Process Management

Question 16

Process States

Answer 16

New
Ready
Running
Waiting
Termination

Question 17

process is in a ___ state when it is created

Answer 17

New

Question 18

process is in ready state when it is waiting for a processor

Answer 18

Ready

Question 19

process is in _______ state if processor is executing the process

Answer 19

Running

Question 20

process is in _______ state when it waits for some event to happen (I/O etc)

Answer 20

Waiting

Question 21

process that has finished execution is in __________ state.

Answer 21

Terminated

Question 22

A system consists of collection of processes

Answer 22

System process that execute system code
User process that execute user code.

Question 23

The concurrent execution of the process requires process synchronization and ___ __________

Answer 23

CPU Scheduling

Question 24

is a component of the operating system that is responsible for scheduling transition of processes.

Answer 24

Scheduler

Question 25

the processor executes a process till termination without any interruption.

Answer 25

non-preemptive scheduling

Question 26

a running process may be interrupted by another process that needs to execute.

Answer 26

pre-emptive scheduling

Question 27

the process that requests for the CPU first, gets the CPU first. A queue is maintained for the processes requesting the CPU.

Answer 27

First Come First Served (FCFS) Scheduling

Question 28

The process that requires the least CPU time is allocated the CPU first.

Answer 28

Shortest Job First (SJF) Scheduling

Question 29

designed for time-sharing systems In this scheduling, a small quantum of time (10—100 ms) is defined, and each process in the queue is assigned the CPU for this quantum of time circularly.

Answer 29

Round Robin (RR) Scheduling

Question 30

multiple processes are executing at the same time. The processes that share the resources have to communicate with one another to prevent a situation where one process disrupts another process.

Answer 30

Process Synchronization

Question 31

When two or more processes execute at the same time, independent of each other, they are called

Answer 31

concurrent processes.

Question 32

A situation where multiple processes access and manipulate the same data concurrently, in which the final result depends on the order of process execution, is called a

Answer 32

race condition

Question 33

is a situation when a process waits endlessly for a resource and the requested resource is being used by another process that is waiting for some other resource.

Answer 33

Deadlock

Question 34

Causes of Deadlock

Answer 34

Mutual Exclusion No Pre-emption Hold and Wait Circular Wait

Question 35

Only one process at a time can use the resource. Any other process requesting the resource has to wait until the resource is released.

Answer 35

Mutual Exclusion

Question 36

A process releases the resource by itself. A process cannot remove the resource from another process.

Answer 36

No Pre-emption

Question 37

A process holds a resource while requesting another resource, which may be currently held by another process.

Answer 37

Hold and Wait

Question 38

In this situation, a process P1 waits for a resource held by another process P2, and the process P2 waits for a resource held by process P1.

Answer 38

Circular Wait

Question 39

is a set of method that ensures that at least one of the above four necessary conditions required for deadlock, does not hold true.

Answer 39

Deadlock Prevention

Question 40

requires that the operating system be given information in advance regarding the resources a process will request and use.

Answer 40

Deadlock Avoidance