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IT Applications - WGU > Operating Systems > Flashcards

Operating Systems Flashcards

(94 cards)

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1
Q

Max RAM a 32-bit OS can support

A

4GB RAM

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2
Q

First NT-based Windows marketed to both home and business users. Oldest Windows version still found in common use. (2001)

A

Windows XP

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3
Q

Major changes in security and functionality. First Windows version with widespread 64-bit support. (2006)

A

Windows Vista

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4
Q

A refinement of Windows Vista, which quickly replaced earlier versions. Still very common, especially in enterprise environments. (2009)

A

Windows 7

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5
Q

Major changes in interface and online functionality. First version to support Windows Store apps. (2012)

A

Windows 8

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6
Q

A free upgrade to Windows 8 intended to refine shortcomings and unpopular features. (2013)

A

Windows 8.1

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7
Q

Uses a “rolling release” schedule with regular free feature updates that add new features but don’t change the version number. (2015)

A

Windows 10

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8
Q

Windows 7 Versions

A 
Windows 7 Starter (32-bit only)
Windows 7 Home Basic
Windows 7 Home Premium
Windows 7 Professional
Windows 7 Ultimate
Windows 7 Enterprise
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9
Q

Windows 8 Versions

A

Windows 8
Windows 8 Pro
Windows 8 Enterprise

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10
Q

Windows 8.1 Versions

A

Windows 8.1
Windows 8.1 Pro
Windows 8.1 Enterprise

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11
Q

Windows 10 Versions

A

Windows 10 Home
Windows 10 Pro
Windows 10 Education
Windows 10 Enterprise

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12
Q

What was a major change that Windows 8 implemented?

A

Allowed linking the user account to microsoft online account

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13
Q

What cloud service did Windows 8.1 add?

A

Onedrive

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14
Q

MacOS: Fast User Switching, an updated Finder, and the new browser Safari. It also included built-in support for Microsoft Active Directory. (2003)

A

10.3 Panther

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15
Q

MacOS: Support for Intel x86 architecture in version 10.4.4. It also introduced Spotlight and new versions of Mail and Safari. (2005)

A

10.4 Tiger

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16
Q

MacOS: AirDrop file sharing, emoji support, and Recovery Partition. It also bundled FaceTime with the operating system. (2011)

A

10.7 Lion

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17
Q

MacOS: Notification Center, some iOS features, such as Game Center, and OS X updates through the App Store. (2012)

A

10.8 Mountain Lion

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18
Q

MacOS: Support for snapping side-by-side windows, San Francisco system typeface, a Notes overhaul, and the System Integrity Protection security feature. (2015)

A

10.11 El Capitan

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19
Q

MacOS: Siri digital assistant, improved iCloud Drive functions, tabbed apps, improved Photos app, and shared clipboard with iPhone. (2016)

A

10.12 Sierra

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20
Q

MacOS: APFS file system, browser and media improvements, and refinements to other bundled apps. (2017)

A

10.13 High Sierra

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21
Q

MacOS: New App Store, Dark Mode to reduce eyestrain, Continuity Camera, Quick Look, and security improvements. (2018)

A

10.14 Mojave

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22
Q

Windows version eligible for free Win 10 upgrade?

A

Windows 8

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23
Q

MAC feature that provides an easy way to navigate among the resources you’re using at any given time. Similar to Task View in Windows.

A

Mission Control

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24
Q

MAC feature that store and manage passwords for applications, web sites, and network shares. In addition to passwords, it stores private keys and certificates.

A

Keychain

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25
Search your Mac for all kinds of files, including documents, music, photos, emails, and contacts. It also provides suggestions for Internet resources.
Spotlight
26
Store your files in the cloud for access from any location in the world using the Internet and your Mac, Windows PC, or mobile device. Analogous to OneDrive in Windows 10.
iCloud
27
Perform just about any action on a Mac with a touchscreen. You can swipe with one or more fingers, tap, pinch, rotate, swipe, and drag to open and close apps and operating system features, such as Mission Control and Notification Center.
Gestures
28
Organize and navigate your files and folders. It's similar to File Explorer in Windows.
Finder
29
Access files on a CD or DVD on another computer. This feature can't be used to access music, movies, or copy protected software discs.
Remote Disc
30
Access your favorite apps with just a click. You can configure the Dock to hold shortcuts to your most-used apps so they're only a click away. It's similar to pinning apps to the taskbar in Windows.
Dock
31
Install Windows on your Mac by repartitioning your hard drive. After the installation, you can switch between Mac OS X and Windows, a convenient feature for those who need to work with both Mac and Windows operating systems and applications.
Boot Camp
32
Back up your data or schedule regular backups to an external hard drive, Apple's Time Capsule storage unit, or a hard drive connected to an AirPort Extreme base station. You can also use Time Machine to restore data from backup.
Time Machine
33
Create a snapshot of an APFS file system representing system files and settings at that time, or restore from that backup. Snapshots are available in High Sierra and later, and have some similarities to Windows restore points.
Snapshot/Restore
34
Access the operating system through a command-line shell. You can use Terminal to execute a wide variety of commands, including configuring Time Machine backup intervals, showing hidden files in Finder, and accessing your Mac remotely. Since modern macOS is related to Unix, it's very similar to a Linux shell.
Terminal
35
Force an unresponsive app to close. You can use this feature when you're trying to troubleshoot app and system issues.
Force Quit
36
Troubleshoot problems or coach a user on a remote computer. This feature is especially useful when the user or computer you're working with isn't anywhere near your location. But it can be just as useful when you're working with someone in the office next to yours.
Screen sharing
37
Perform setup or maintenance on hard disks. You can use it to create and format partitions, or to check for disk errors and file system problems. You can also use it to create disk images, or recover a disk from a backup image.
Disk Utility
38
What are some Mac OS best practices?
``` Scheduled backups Scheduled disk maintenance System updates/App store Patch management Driver/firmware updates Anti-virus and anti-malware updates ```
39
Linux features
Workspaces (multiple desktops) | Gestures
40
Mobil OS features
App source, Screen orientation (accelerometer/gyroscope), Screen calibration, GPS and geotracking, Wi-Fi calling, Launcher/GUI, Virtual assistant, Emergency notification, Mobile payment service
41
Examples of Embedded Systems
Network appliances, Network-enabled devices, Media devices, IoT, Vehicles
42
Windows upgrade by OS Version
Windows 7 to Windows 8 Windows 7 to Windows 10 Windows 8 to Windows 8.1 Windows 8.1 to Windows 10
43
Installs an operating system without user input
Unattended Install
44
Installs an operating system on the computer without saving any existing files or settings
Clean Install
45
Installs a newer operating system version while preserving current settings, applications, and user files
Upgrade Install
46
Resolves operating system errors that are preventing it from operating normally
Repair
47
Resets system settings, removes applications, and repairs damaged operating system files
Refresh/Restore
48
Boots the computer to a recovery partition on the hard drive
Recovery partition
49
Deploys identical operating system installations to multiple computers.
Image deployment Insall
50
Installs an operating system from an image on a network server using PXE or NetBoot.
Remote network Install
51
Deploys multiple operating systems to the same computer
Multiboot
52
Script that runs in the Windows Command Prompt environment (CMD.EXE)
.bat: A batch file
53
Designed to run in a Unix style command shell such as bash or csh.
.sh: A shell script
54
A script designed to run in the Windows PowerShell environment
.ps1
55
A script written for the Visual Basic Scripting environment that's included with Windows
.vbs
56
A script written for the JavaScript language used by web pages, or else for the related
.js
57
A script written for Python, a general-purpose interpreted programming language.
.py
58
A named sequence of commands which can be referred to elsewhere in the script.
Function
59
A construct that performs different actions depending on whether some condition evaluates as true or false.
Conditional statement (ie if-then-else)
60
Construct that repeats a sequence of actions one or more times depending on some set of conditions.
Loop FOR some defined number of iterations WHILE a Boolean condition remains true
61
A whole number
Integer
62
A number that can have digits before or after a decimal point
Floating-point
63
A sequence of alphanumeric characters
String
64
A single alphanumeric character
Character
65
A true/false value
Boolean
66
A list of directories where the operating system will search if you type a command name without specifying its absolute or relative path.
Windows: %PATH% Linux: $PATH
67
The current user's home folder.
Windows: %USERPROFILE% Linux: $HOME
68
A folder where programs can safely store temporary files.
Windows: %TEMP% or %TMP% Linux: $TEMP
69
The current folder.
Windows: %CD% Linux: $PWD
70
The current user's application data folder.
Windows: %APPDATA%
71
The absolute file path of the Windows system folder.
%SystemRoot%
72
In a .bat file, any line beginning with the word "_____" is a comment.
REM
73
In a .sh script, any text on a single line following "____" is a comment.
#
74
In a .ps1 script, any text following "# " is a comment, but you can also create multi-line block comments by placing "___" and "___" at the beginning and end.
75
In a .vbs script, a statement can be commented out either with a ______ ______, or with _____.
single quote ' or with REM
76
In a .js script, single line comments are prefaced by "__", while comment blocks are enclosed by "__" and "__" at beginning and end.
``` // /* */ ```
77
In a .py script, comments are prefaced by "__".
#
78
Minimum requirements to run Win 7 (x86) and (x64)
1 GHz Processor (x86) 1 GB RAM (4 GB max), 16 GB disk space, DirectX 9 (x64) 2 GB RAM (128 GB max), 20 GB disk space, DirectX 9
79
Win 7 Home Premium added features
DVD Playback Aero ICS
80
Win 7 Professional added features
Domain Member | EFS (Encrypted File System)
81
Win 7 Enterprise/Ultimate added features
BitLocker
82
Minimum requirements to run Win 8/8.1 (x86) and (x64)
1 GHz processor that supports PAE, NX, & SSE2 | Same as Win 7 except for the processor
83
Win 8/8.1 Core added features
Windows Media Player
84
Win 8/8.1 Pro added features
EFS, BitLocker, Domain Member | 64-bit max RAM is 512 GB
85
Win 8/8.1 Enterprise added features
AppLocker, BranchCache | 64-bit max RAM is 512 GB
86
Included w/ Win 10 Home
OneDrive, Windows Defender, Cortana
87
Linux command shows the name of the current directory and writes the full pathname of it.
pwd (print working directory)
88
Linux command creates the specified directory if it does not already exist.
mkdir (make directory)
89
Linux command can be used to change the owner, the group, or both for a file or directory.
chown (change owner)
90
Linux command enables you to modify default permissions of a file or directory.
chmod (change mode)
91
Registry subtree that contains all the file association information. Whenever you double-click a file with a specific extension, Windows uses this information to determine which application it should open.
HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT
92
Registry subtree that contains information about the current configuration of the computer's hardware.
HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG
93
Registry subtree that contains all the configuration information for the computer's hardware.
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE
94
Registry subtree that contains user-specific configuration information for all the users who have ever logged onto Windows.
HKEY_USERS

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