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Ophthal Flashcards

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1
Q

Scleritis associated with which systemic disease

A

RA

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2
Q

Painless sudden onset blidness suggests

A

a vascular cause

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3
Q

difference between stye and chalazion and blepharitis

A

stye is external eyelid gland infection (hordeolum externum is a type of stye)

chalazion is a meibomian gland cyst which is internal eyelid glands

Blepharitis is chronic inflammation of the lid margins and chronic colonisation by staph aureus due to abnormally thick secretions. Associated with acne

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4
Q

Diabetic retinopathy signs on retina

A

microaneurysms
haemorrhages
hard exudates
cotton wool spots
neovascularisation

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5
Q

2 types of diabetic retinopathy

A

proliferative and non

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6
Q

Other diabetic eye complication

A

macular oedema

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7
Q

Rx diabetic eye disease

A

Laser
Anti VEGF
Corticosteroids
Vitrectomy if severe haemorrhage

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8
Q

HTN retina signs

A

AV nipping
Cotton wool spots
Flame haemorrhages

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9
Q

Red eye with
Serous discharge
Recent URTI
Preauricular lymph nodes

A

Viral conjunctivitis

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10
Q

Dendritic lesion on cornea

A

HSV

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11
Q

Acute painful red eye
Fixed dilated pupil
Reduced visual acuity
Haloes around light

A

Acute angle closure

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12
Q

Acute angle closure Rx

A

acetazolamide
timolol
steroids
pilocarpine

Definitive: Laser peripheral iridotomy

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13
Q

Severe acute onset pain in a red eye with irregular pupil shape
reduced visual acuity
photophobia
pain on focusing
hypopyon
history of UC

A

Uveitis

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14
Q

uveitis pain relief

A

dilating eye drops eg atropine or cyclopentolate

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15
Q

one area of redness in eye, uncomfortable but not too painful

A

episcleritis

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16
Q

diffuse redness in eye, pain radiating to forehead, worsening vision, watery

A

scleritis

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17
Q

Scleritis rx

A

high dose systemic steroids

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18
Q

sudden onset flashes and floaters without visual loss

A

PVD

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19
Q

central retinal artery occlusion mx

A

Lower IO pressure

Acetazolomide
Ocular massage
Vasodilator therapy such as sublignual isosorbide dinitrate

Intra-arterial thrombolysis: typically urokinase is administered via direct ophthalamic artery catheterisation

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20
Q

Which type of ARMD is worse

A

wet

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21
Q

dry ARMD can lead to

A

wet

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22
Q

Mx ARMD

A

if wet- VEGF

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23
Q

poor night vision, constricted visua fields, early onset cataracts

A

retinitis pigmentosa

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24
Q

Blocked nasolacrimal duct in baby mx

A

should resolve spont by 1 yr if not sugery

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25
90% eyelid malignancies are
bcc
26
sjogrens surgical mx option
occlude the puncta
27
Grade 1 hypertensive retinopathy shows how on retina
general arteriolar narrowing
28
Grade 2 hypertensive retinopathy shows how on retina
focal narrowing, AV nipping
29
Grade 3 hypertensive retinopathy shows how on retina
haemorrhage exudate Cotton wool spots (like diabetic)
30
Grade 4 hypertensive retinopathy shows how on retina
Same as 3 with optic disc swelling
31
Cup to disc ratio of >0.2 suggests
glaucoma
32
optic nerve swelling causes
Raised ICP Optic neuritis Malignant HTN Uveitis
33
Cherry red spot on retina
CRAO
34
tortuous and engorged veins, haemorrhages, cotton wool spots and disc swelling on retina in the context of acute visual loss
CRVO
35
ARMD findings on retina dry vs wet
dry- drusen wet- neovascularisation, haemorrhage, macular oedema
36
amaurosis fugax rx
300mg aspirin as it is a form of TIA
37
blurred vision, pain, swollen lid and hypopyon post eye surgery
endophthalmitis
38
shingles on tip of nose mx
Hutchinson's sign- could lead to ocular involvement (HZ ophthalmicus) - po antivirals and topical corticosteroids
39
1st line open angle glaucoma
prostaglandin (-prost)
40
RAPD causes
optic neuritis or retinal detachment
41
all isolated nerve palsies mx
same day ophthal assessment
42
third nerve palsy involving pupil is what
IC aneurysm until proven otherwise
43
Acute Horner's syndrome (particularly associated with neck pain) is what
carotid artery dissection until proven otherwise
44
Child presenting with squint mx
any child under the age of 4 years with suspected squint should be referred to an ophthalmologist immediately.
45
Bacterial conjunctivitis rx in pregnancy
fuscidic acid drops
46
Management of HSV ulcer
immediate referral to an ophthalmologist topical aciclovir
47
What is an Argyll-Robertson pupil
Pupils not reactive to light, but do constrict on accomodation Highly sensitive for neurosyphilis Also in diabetes (syphilis- prostitute- 'accomodate but doesn't react')
48
Normal IOP
between 11 and 21 mmHg
49
What is a Holmes Adie pupil
unilateral in 80% of cases dilated pupil once the pupil has constricted it remains small for an abnormally long time slowly reactive to accommodation but very poorly (if at all) to light Associated with absent ankle/knee reflexes
50
what is a chalazion
retention cyst of the meibomian gland- should self resolve
51
Marfan's ocular issue
lens dislocation
52
Blurring of vision again years after cataract surgery
Posterior capsule opacification
53
'Pizza' appearance of retina
chorioretinitis
54
chorioretinitis is associate with
CMV
55
What electrolyte imbalance can cause cataracts
hypocalcaemia
56
What could present like a chronic unilateral conjunctivitis resistant to treatment
Orbital lymphoma
57
drops to differentiate episcleritis and scleritis
phenylephrine (vessels blanch in epi)
58
What is a Hutchinson's pupil
Unilaterally dilated pupil which is unresponsive to light. A result of compression of the occulomotor nerve of the same side, by an intracranial mass (e.g. tumour, haematoma)
59
dacrocystitis
60
black bone spicules
retinitis pigmentosa
61
can you give topical steroids in herpes simplex keratitis
NO may worsen

MSRA (21 decks)

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