Ophthalmology

Question 1

Features of mild NPDR

Answer 1

1 or more microaneurysms

Question 2

Features of moderate NPDR

Answer 2

Microaneurysms
Blot haemorrhages
Hard exudates
Cotton wool spots

Question 3

Severe NPDR

Answer 3

Blot haemorrhages and microanaeurysms in 4 quadrants

IRMA in at least 1 quadrant

Question 4

Signs of proliferative retinopathy

Answer 4

Retinal neovascularisation
Fibrous tissue forming anterior to retinal disc
More common in T1DM

Question 5

What to treat conjunctivitis in pregnancy

Answer 5

Fusidic acid

Question 6

How to treat meibomian cyst

Answer 6

Resolve spontaneously or require surgical drainage

Question 7

Definite treatment of acute angle glaucoma

Answer 7

Laser peripheral iridotomy

Question 8

Flashers and floaters are a sign of?

Answer 8

Vitreous detachment

Question 9

What can be seen in eyes in central retinal vein occlusion?

Answer 9

Severe retinal haemorrhages

Question 10

Causes of crvo

Answer 10

Glaucoma
Polycythaemia
HTN

Question 11

What can be seen in eye in CRAO

Answer 11

Afferent pupillary defect

Cherry red spot on pale retina

Question 12

Features of anterior uveitis

Answer 12

Acute onset
Ocular discomfort and pain
Irregular and small pupil
Photophobia
Blurred vision 
RED eye

Question 13

Treatment of anterior uveitis

Answer 13

Refer to ophthalmology

Steroid drops

Question 14

Features of retinitis pigmentosa

Answer 14

Night blindness

Tunnel vision

Question 15

What is hordeolum externum

Answer 15

Infection of the glands of sebum/ sweat

Staph

Question 16

What is hutchingsons sign in herpes opthalmicus

Answer 16

Involvement of the tip of the nose predicts future ocular involvement

Question 17

How to treat herpes opthalmicus

Answer 17

Oral antivirals 7-10 days

Question 18

Ptosis and mydriasis (dilated pupil) ?

Answer 18

3rd nerve palsy

Question 19

What’s seen in dry amd

Answer 19

Drusen (yellow spots) in drusens membrane

Question 20

Wet amd features

Answer 20

Choroidal neovascularisation

Leakage of serious fluid and blood

Question 21

Risk factors for amd

Answer 21

Age
Smoking
Family history
Ihd

Question 22

Argyll Robertson pupil?

Answer 22

Accommodates but does construct to light

Most common in diabetics

Question 23

Mydriatic drops can precipitate…

Answer 23

Acute angle glaucoma

Question 24

Corneal epithelial ulcers may be seen in?

Answer 24

Herpes keratitis

Question 25

Persistent watery eye in children is?

Answer 25

Lacrimal duct obstruction- manage conservatively will improve by 1 year

Question 26

Blurring of vision post previous cataract is?

Answer 26

Posterior capsule opacification

Question 27

What is lost in cataracts?

Answer 27

Red reflex

Question 28

How to manage blepharitis

Answer 28

Reassure. Watch and wait

Question 29

What will be seen on crvo fundo

Answer 29

Severe retinal haemorrhages

Question 30

Normal eye pressures

Answer 30

10-21

Question 31

What drops can distinguish between scleritis and episcleritis

Answer 31

Phenylepherine drops

Question 32

Is chalazion painful

Answer 32

No

Question 33

Is episcleritis painful

Answer 33

No- red eye, watering , photo phobias

Question 34

1st line for blepharitis

Answer 34

Hot compress

Question 35

Commonest cause of Argyll Robertson pupil | 2

Answer 35

Diabetes | Neurosyphillis

Question 36

Features of keratitis

Answer 36

Red eye Watering Photophobia

Question 37

Cause of marcus Gunn pupil (relative afferent pupil defect)

Answer 37

Optic neuritis | Retinal detachment

Question 38

Treatment for open angle glaucoma?

Answer 38

``` Prostaglandin receptor antagonists (lantanoprost) Beta blockers (timolol) ```

Question 39

SE of latanoprost

Answer 39

Brown pigmentation if the iris

Question 40

Diabetic maculopathy?

Answer 40

Hard exudates Can affect visual acuity Most common in T2DM

Question 41

What pupil defect does optic neuritis cause

Answer 41

Marcus gunn | Relative afferwnt pupillary defect

Question 42

Symptoms of optic neuritis

Answer 42

``` Gradual vision loss Loss of red desaturation Painful movements of eyes Relative afferent pupil defect Central scotoma ```