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Paediatrics Flashcards

1
Q

When does cows milk protein allergy usually

Present

A

First 3 months

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2
Q

What kind of reactions are seen in cows milk protein allergy

A

Both immediate (ige mediated) abe delayed (non ige)

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3
Q

Features of cows milk allergy

6

A 
Vomiting
Diarrhoea
Urticaria / atopy 
Colic
Wheeze
Rarely
Angioedema
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4
Q

If formula fed, management of cow milk allergy

3

A

-Extensive hydrolysed formula replacement

Amino acid based formula in severe allergies

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5
Q

If breast fed, management of cows milk allergy

3

A

Continue breast feeding
Eliminate cows milk protein
Use EHF milk when breastfeeding stops until 12 months

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6
Q

When does cows milk allergy resolve

A

1-2 years

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7
Q

Fragile x- big or small head

A

Big

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8
Q

Definition of microcephaly

A

<2nd centile

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9
Q

What is craniosynostosis

A

Premature closing of cranial sutures, causing deformity of the skull

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10
Q

Barlows test

A

Dislocates hip

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11
Q

Ortolanis?

A

Relocate a dislocated femoral head

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12
Q

Risk factors for DDH

6

A 
Female 
Breech
Family history
First born child 
Oligohydraminos 
Heavy baby
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13
Q

What is used to diagnose DDH

A

US

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14
Q

How to manage DDH

A

Most relocate by 3-6 weeks of age

Older children may need surgery

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15
Q

Dances sign in instussuseption

A

Right hypochonrial mass

Empty RIF

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16
Q

Necrotising enterocolitis findings

A

Bloating
Bloody stool
Failure to thrive

Becoming peritonitis

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17
Q

When is neonatal jaundice pathological

A

In the first 24 hours

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18
Q

Causes of jaundice < 24 hours

A

Rhesus haemolytic disease
Abo haemolytic disease
Hereditary spherocytosis
G6d

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19
Q

When is pertussis offered to prenant women

A

20-32 weeks

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20
Q

Epstein’s pearl?

A

Small cyst that self resolved on hard palate of a newborn

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21
Q

Incubation of chicken pox

A

10-21 days

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22
Q

Infectivity time of chicken pox

A

4 days before rash until 5 days after

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23
Q

Common complication of chicken pox

A

Bacterial infection of lesions

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24
Q

Rare complications of chicken pox

A

Pneumonia
Encephalitis
Disseminated haemorrhaging chickenpox
Arthritis

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25
Vaccines at birth
BCG/ hep B if risk factors
26
2 month vaccines
6 in 1 (diphtheria, tettanus, whooping cough, polio hib hep b) Oral rotavirus PCV Men B
27
3 months vaccine
6 in one | Oral rotavirus
28
4 month vaccines
6 in 1 PCV MEN b
29
12-13 months
Hib MEN c PCV MEN B
30
2-8 years
Annual nasal flu vaccine
31
3-4 years vaccine
4 in 1 pre school booster (Dip tet pertussis polio) MMR
32
12-13 years vaccine
HPV
33
Non ige mediated allergy?
Not as serious | No anaphylaxis
34
Rash start behinds ears in which disease
Measles
35
Features of kawasakis
``` Fever > 5 days Conjunctivitis Strawberry tongue Cervical LN Blistering hands ```
36
Rubella features
Fever LN Rash begins on face and move downwards
37
Koplik spots in what disease
Measles
38
Management of kawasaki
High dose aspirin IV immunoglobulins ECHO
39
Complication of kawasakis
Coronary artery aneurysm
40
What should be trialed in babies with gord
Ppi or H2ra
41
Cause of rash after fever
Roseola infatum
42
Incubation of roseola jnfatum
5-15 days
43
When a should with just a fever be sent to paeds
< 3 months > 38.5
44
Contraindications to MMR
``` Immunosuppressive Live vaccine within last 4 weeks Allergy to neomycin Immunoglobulin therapy Egg protein allergy ```
45
Features of Wilm tumour
Abdo mass Painless haematuria Flank pain Mets to lung in 20%
46
Commonest headaches in children
Migraines
47
3 months motor
Reaches for object | Fixes and follows
48
6 months motor
Palmar grasp Pass objects from one hand to another Visually insatiable
49
9 months motor
Points with finger | Early pincer
50
12 months motor
Good pincer grip
51
What is acrocyanosis
Peripheral cyanosis in the newborn
52
Petechiae are really what
Bleeding under the skin
53
Commonest malignancy in children
ALL
54
3 broad features of ALL
Neutropenia Anaemia Thrombocytopenia
55
Treatment of mild croup
Oral dex
56
Mild croup features
Occasional barking cough No chest recessions Looks well
57
Virus of croup
Parainfluenza
58
Cystic fibrosis genetics
Autosomal recessive
59
What to do before CPR in a child
5 rescue breaths
60
Patau chromosome?
13
61
5 symptoms of hand foot and mouth excluding rash
``` Fever Abdo pain Anorexia Cough Sore throat ```
62
Fever with transient synovitis?
Often mild
63
Benign Rolandic seizures characterised by...
Partial seizures at night
64
Prognosis of benign rolandic seizures
Good, stop by adolescence
65
Treatment of seb derm in babies
Baby shampoo and baby oil
66
Is positional head molding normal innewborns? (Bones overlapping in skull)
Yes
67
Treatment of labial adhesions
Oestrogen cream
68
Sumatriptan nasal spray only in what age?
>12 years
69
Caput succadenum?
Trauma causing head swelling | Transient, crosses suture lines
70
7-8 months gross motor
Sits without support
71
9 months gross motor
Pulls to standing | Crawls
72
12 months gross motor
Cruises | Walks with one hand held
73
13-15 month gross motor
Walks unsupported
74
2 years gross motor
Runs
75
Causes of prolonged raised bilirubin > 14 days old
``` Biliary atresia Hypothyroidism Galactosemia UTI Congential infections ```
76
4 features of tetralogy of fallot
VSD right ventricular hypertrophy Pulmonary stenosis Overriding aorta
77
4 symptoms of tetralogy of fallot
Cyanosis Right to left shunt ESM Boot shaped heart
78
Down’s syndrome risk calculation
1/1000 at 30 | Download by 3 for every 5 years
79
Which comes first perthes or sufe
Perthes
80
What is ophthalmia neonatorum
Chlamydia trachomatis | Neisseria gonorrhoea
81
Xray findings in transient tachypnoae of the newborn
Hyperinflation and fluid in the horizontal fissure
82
Treatment of whooping cough
Oral azithromycin
83
When to exclude whooping cough from school
2 days post Abx
84
What vitamins should children be given
Vit a c d from 6 months to 5 years
85
When should pre terms get vaccinated
Chronological age
86
Who’s affected in x linked
Males
87
First sign of puberty in girls
Breast development
88
Usually age of mencarche
11-15
89
Is asymmetrical breast growth in women normal?
Yes
90
Features of retinoblastoma
Loss of red reflex Strabismus Visual problems
91
When to be off school post mumps
5 days post onset of swelling of glands
92
Commonest cause of hypothyroidism In children
Autoimmune thyroiditis
93
Risks of undescended testes?
Infertility Cancer Torsion
94
Causes of htn in children
Renal disease Coarctation aorta CAH
95
Circumcise hypospadias pre op?
No | Corrective surgery by 2
96
Breastfed babies at risk of what vit deficiency
K
97
Newborn downs have what tone
Hypotonia
98
Symptoms of osteochondritis dissecans
Joint pain Locking Swelling
99
Nephrotic presents at
Proteinuria Hypoalbuminaemia Oedema
100
Commonest cause of GN in children
Minimal change nephropathy
101
What closes PDA in majority of cases
Indomethacin
102
What can be used to keep a PDA open
Prostaglandins
103
When to refer bow legs
> 6cm intercondylar distance
104
First line constipation children
Movicol
105
Virus in croup?
Parainfluenze
106
Measles prodrome
Irritability Conjuctivitis Fever Koplik spots
107
When to refer for undescended testis
Wait 6 months then rv
108
Pain on walking up and down stairs
Chondromalacia patallae
109
When to give Ben pen 1.2g
>10 years
110
Most common meningitis bug up to 3 months
GBS
111
What to add in haemophillus meningitis
Dexamethosone and IV cefotaxime
112
When does night time enuresis become pathological?
> 5
113
Cause of sticky eye in < 1 year
Lacrimal duct obstruction | Resolved by 1
114
Which testicular tumour has raised AFP
Teratoma
115
Murmur in PDA
Continuous murmur that radiates to the back
116
4 features of tetralogy of fallot
Overriding aorta (boot shaped) VSD RVH Right ventricular outflow obstruction
117
VSD causes what on echo growing up
Biventricular hypertrophy | Systolic murmur

medicine (14 decks)

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