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Step 2 > Ophthomology > Flashcards

Ophthomology Flashcards

1
Q

Blurred, distorted, scotoma in central vision, white female >65, smoking HTN

A

Age related macular degeneration

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2
Q

Inc/Neovascularity, leaking, scaring in smoker w/ central scotoma

A

Exudative macular degeneration –> anti-VEGF injections

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3
Q

Multiple macular sores, atrophy, yellow Drusen deposits in smoker, central scotoma

A

Atrophic macular degeneration –> vitamins

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4
Q

Loss of ganglion cells, atrophy of optic disc –> cupping, impaired outflow, gradual peripheral loss

A

Open-angle glaucoma

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5
Q

Cupping of optic disc, gradual loss of peripheral vision

A

Open angle glaucoma –> Timolol, a-agonist, acetazolamide, laser

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6
Q

Low light/theater –> dilation, dec flow out of anterior chamber –> inc pressure, rigid eye, pain HA

A

Angle glaucoma –> dilate w/ alpha and BBs OR laser

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7
Q

Mid, fixed, dilated pupil, N/V, halos around light

A

Angle glaucoma –> Tonometry

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8
Q

Pain, redness, mid-dilated pupil, hard eyeball, vision loss

A

Angle glaucoma –> narcs, mannitol, Acteazolamide, timolol or pilocarpine - NOT ATROPINE

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9
Q

Burred vision, dec night vision/glare

A

Cataract

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10
Q

Focal, U/L blotchy redness induced by valsalva

A

Subconjuctival hemorrhage - resolves

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11
Q

Crusty discharge on lashes (anterior) or hyperemic lid w/ telengiectasias (posterior)

A

Blepharitis = SA –> lid scrubs, warm compress

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12
Q

Redness, irritation, dull ache of lining beneath sclera, ?auto-immune, assoc w/ IBD & RA

A

Episcleritis - resolves, NSAIDs help

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13
Q

Deep eye pain, redness, pain palpating eye, assoc w/ RA

A

Scleritis = emergency –> ophtho STEROIDS

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14
Q

Circumcorneal injection, blurred vision, constricted pupil, assoc w/ sarcoid, Reiter, ankylosing, IBD

A

Anterior uveitis/iridocyclitis –> optho

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15
Q

Pain, constricted pupils, kertic precipitates “Mutton fat,” iris nodules

A

Uveitis

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16
Q

Transient monocular vision loss “curtain,” curtain comes & goes, white areas near arteries cause?

A

Amaurosis fugax = retinal cholesterol emboli –> carotid duplex

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17
Q

Sudden vision loss in 1 eye upon waking

A

Central retinal vein occlusion

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18
Q

Sudden vision loss in 1 eye, retinal hemorrhage, dilated veins, cotton wool spots

A

Central retinal vein occlusion

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19
Q

Several episodes of painless vision loss, HTN, HLD, DM, carotid bruit, retina whitening

A

Central retinal ARTERY occlusion —> ocular massage & Carbogen or hyperbaric O2

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20
Q

Sudden painless vision loss, optic disc pallor, red fovea, boxcar segmentation

A

Central retinal ARTERY occlusion –> hyperventilate, tPA

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21
Q

Sudden vision loss in diabetic, floaters, loss of fundus details

A

Vitreous hemorrhage

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22
Q

Vision loss with showers/snow storm of floaters/photopsia, elevated retina

A

Retinal detachment

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23
Q

MVA or HTN, Veil or curtain over eyes - stays (vs. fugax)

A

Retinal detachment –> Laser

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24
Q

Horizontal nystagmus in respective eye w/ ABduction, worse in hot/exercise, young female

A

MS –> lesion in MLF

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25
Q

AV nicking, copper wiring, exudate and hemorrhages

A

HTN-retinopathy

26
Q

Vertical diplopia and extorsion

A

Trochlear nerve lesion

27
Q

Convergent strabismus and horizontal diplopia

A

Abducens nerve lesions

28
Q

Binocular paresthesia, fever, HA, periorbital edema, hyperesthesia in V1,2, proptosis

A

Cavernous sinus thrombosis —> MRI, antibiotics

29
Q

Red tender, swollen eyelid, watery discharge, photophobia

A

Hordeolum - SA –> warm compress –> histo path to r/o CA if recurrent

30
Q

Hard painful –> painLESS rubbery lid nodule, granulomatous lesion of meibomian glands

A

Chalazion

– persistence or recurrence = sebaceous carcinoma –> get HISTOPATHOLOGY

31
Q

Rapid impaired vision, pain on eye movement, afferent defect

A

Optic neuritis - ASSOC w/ MS

32
Q

S/P cataract surgery –> dec vision, exudates in anterior chamber, edematous conjunctiva

A

Postoperative endophthalmitis = Vitreous infection –> Abx or extraction

33
Q

Transient vision loss w/ changing head position, enlarged blind spot, morning HA

A

Papiledema –> CT

34
Q

Profuse watery eyes, hyperemia, edema of eyelids, asthmatic pt

A

Allergic conjunctivitis –> anti-histamine or mast cell stabilizing drops (olopatidine)

35
Q

URI, watery discharge, fall, most common conjuctivitis, preauricular LAD

A

Viral conjuctivitis/pink eye –> warm/cold compress

36
Q

Painful eye w/ purulent discharge w/ crusting

A

Bacterial conjuctivitis = Strep pneumo –> erythromycin, fluoroquinolone w/ contacts

37
Q

Conjunctivitis 1st 24hrs, b/l non-purulent

A

Chemical (Ag-nitrate) = supportive

38
Q

Conjunctivitis day 2-5, b/l eyelid swelling, discharge

A

Gonococcal –> IM//IV ceftriaxone OR topical erythromycin

39
Q

Conjunctivitis day 5-14, u/l, some eyelid swelling, injection, mucopurulent

A

Chlamydia

40
Q

Blood-stained eye discharge

A

Chlamydia –> ORAL Erythromycin 14d can –> hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

41
Q

Most common blindness in world, Trachoma

A

Chlamydial (A,B,C) –> tetracycline or erythromycin

42
Q

4 y/o unilateral conjunctivitis, nasal discharge, neovascularization/pannus, EGYPT

A

Trachoma –> topical tetracycline or oral Azithro

43
Q

CAN move eyes, inflammation around eyes

A

Pericellulitis –> abx

44
Q

Can’t move eyes, inflammation around eyes

A

Orbital cellulitis –> CT scan –> I&D + Abx

45
Q

Orbital cellulitis vs. preseptal

A

Orbital - diplopia, pain, proptosis, vision impairment –> IV Abx vs. oral

46
Q

PAIN W/ EYE MOVEMENT, proptosis, ophthalmoplegia, diplopia

A

Ortibal cellilitis (d/t bacterial sinusitis) –> CT scan b/c –> abscess, blindness, death

47
Q

Leukocoria causes

A

Retinoblastoma –> liver brain mets &

48
Q

Dendritic ulcers, pain, photophobia

A

Herpes keratitis

49
Q

Tearing, redness, blurred vision, hx of same sx, worse in sun, vesicles, dendritic ulcers

A

Herpes simplex keratitis

50
Q

Elderly, itching, burning, malaise, vesicular rash in trigeminal, conjunctivitis, dendriform ulcers

A

Herpes zoster ophthamlicus –> acyclovir

51
Q

Contacts or trauma, hazy cornea w/ central ulcer, stromal abscess, hypopyon

A

Bacterial Keratitis

52
Q

Contact stuck, corneal hazy, edematous, scleral injection

A

Contact keratitis = PA –> perf, scarr –> blindness

53
Q

Itchy eyes, thick mucous, photophobia, blurred vision

A

Atopic keratoconjunctivitis

54
Q

Cortical blindness, strabismus, cataracts, irreversible

A

Amblyopia = fix b4 it occurs

55
Q

Lazy eye, unequal light reflection

A

Strabismus –> surgery if at birth, glasses if acquired

56
Q

Newborn, pure white retina

A

Retinoblastoma (Rb) –> surgery, never radiation –> f/u osteosarcoma

57
Q

Newborn, white cloudy lesions in front of eye - (+) birth = TORCH, (-) birth = galactosemia

A

Congenital cataracts –> surgery

58
Q

Pre-me, high load O2, growths on retina

A

Retinopathy of prematurity –> laser ablation

59
Q

Assoc w/ retinopathy of prematurity

A

NEC, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, IVH

60
Q

Cutting something w/o goggles, eye pain

A

Corneal abrasion –> copious irrigation –> Flourecin dye +/- surgery

61
Q

Lack of corneal sensation or reflex nerve

A

V1

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