opportunities and risks that sustainability policies bring to the land based sector Flashcards
(35 cards)
financial oppurtunties from the government policies have the potential to do what?
- target new and emerging markets through sustainable practices, leading to sustainability branding
- expand goods and services into the sustainability agenda
- develop new products to serve the sustainability agenda
- take advantage of government initiatives and funding for enviromental services
what are potential financial risks from the government policies?
- additional business costs during a product recall
- loss of custom through reputation damage from non-compliance
- financial costs of repairing or restoring damage to ecosystems assosiated with poor waste management
enviromental oppurtunties from the government policies have the potential to do what?
utilise waste as a resource
what are the enviromental risks presented by the governemnt sustainability policies
potential for enviroment damage
- e.g. due to poor waste management
what are the legal risks presented by governemnt sustainability policies
potential for enforcement action for breaches of legislation
- e.g. prosecution
whats ‘hard’ implementation
implemention may be through legislation or regulation, which require compliance
whats ‘soft’ implementation
implementation may be through financial incentives such as grants or tax breaks to encourage desired behaviours
what are the benefits of a business publishing information on there environmental performance
- brings them, their investors or their shareholders direct or indirect benefits
- provides them with a competition advantage in the marketplace
- generate new business opportunities
what are the environmental performance measures
- water and energy use
- carbon capture
- species targets
- water, soil and air targets
what is a key performance indicator (KPIs)
individual criteria which can be measures and quantified; this means that once each criterion has been measured or counted, it is expressed as a numerical value, which has meaning
what are common waste materials
- metal
- wood
-glass
-plastic
-paper - electronics
-fuels and oils - chemicals and substrates
- crop residues
who is the enforcement authority associated with discarded waste in England
the environmental agency
what framework sets out what is deemed waste and how it should be managed
The requirements of the EU waste framework directive 2008
what is considered to be waste
if it has been discarded by the holder
what factors do the environmental agency consider when determining whether materials are discarded as waste
- potential for environmental harm
-burden on the holder - value to the holder
- certainty of use or management by the holder
for residues to be considered useful materials they must meet what four conditions (‘end of waste test’)
- condition (a) - substance or object is used for a specific purpose
- condition (b) - a market or demand exists for such substance/object
- condition (c) - substance/object fulfils the technical requirements or the specific purposes and meets legislation/standards
- condition (d) - the use of substance/object will not lead to adverse environmental /human health impacts
what is a holder
defined by the environmental agency as the legal entity or individual who has control over waste at the time it is discarded
for residues to be considered as a by-product (non-waste) status what conditions must they meet (‘by-product test’)
- condition (A) - further use of the substance/object is certain
- condition (B) - substance/object can be used directly without more processing other than normal industrial practice
- condition (C) - substance/object is produced as an integral part of the production process
- condition (D) - further use is lawful, substance fulfils all relevant product, environmental and health protection requirements for specific use
what is controlled waste regulation
the controlled waste (England and Wales) regulations 2012
enabled under environmental protection act 1990
what three main categories does controlled waste regulation set out
- commercial waste
-household waste
-industrial waste
what is hazardous waste
contains substances or properties with the potential to harm the environment or human health
e.g. pesticide
what is POPs waste
contains high levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) with the potential to harm environment or human health
what is non hazardous waste
does not have the potential to harm the environment or human health
what is recyclable waste
can be reused or transformed into new products such as glass jars and bottles
