Option C Ecology and conservation

Question 1

keystone species

Answer 1

one in which its presence has a disproportionate impact on ecosystem and its removal often leads to significant changes

Question 2

niche

Answer 2

is the role or function or an organism or species in a ecosystem

Question 3

fundamental niche

Answer 3

of a species is the potential mode of existence

Question 4

realized niche

Answer 4

the actual mode of existence, depending on adaptations and competition with other species

Question 5

competitive exclusion

Answer 5

is a principle which states that two species cannot occupy the same niche

Question 6

competition

Answer 6

is a situation in which one organism or species contends for the same resources as another

Question 7

predation

Answer 7

when an organism kills a prey to feed on it

Question 8

grazing

Answer 8

herbivores feed on plants or algae

Question 9

Symbiosis

Answer 9

long-term interaction between different biological species it can be mutation, parasitism or commensalism

Question 10

Mutualism

Answer 10

when both organisms benefit

Question 11

Parasitism

Answer 11

when an organism lives on/in host and feeds from it causing the host harm

Question 12

Commensalism

Answer 12

one species gains and benefits while the other species is neither benefited nor harmed

Question 13

biome

Answer 13

a community of living organisms that share the same climate

Question 14

taiga

Answer 14

a temperate forest w. cold winters and warm summers. There is little precipitation. Its main store is litter with little flow between stores

Question 15

desert

Answer 15

dry with very hot days and cold nights. Main store is in soil and there is major flow from biomass to litter

Question 16

Tropical rain forest

Answer 16

rainy and hot. Biomass is its main store with a high rate of flow

Question 17

Biomass

Answer 17

the total dry organic matter

Question 18

gross production

Answer 18

the total amount of organic matter produced per unit area per unit time by a trophic level in an ecosystem

Question 19

Net production

Answer 19

the amount of gross production remaining after the amount used for respiration by the trophic level has been subtracted

Question 20

Feed conversion ratio

Answer 20

the efficiency of production of an animal food source

Question 21

Poikilotherms

Answer 21

animals whose body temp varies with the enviroment

Question 22

homeotherms

Answer 22

animals that maintain their body temp.

Question 23

Primary succession

Answer 23

occurs in areas that were not inhabited by living organisms

Question 24

Secondary succession

Answer 24

occurs in areas that were already inhabited but suffered disturbance

Question 25

biomagnification

Answer 25

is the increasing concentration of toxins in the tissues of organisms at successive higher levels in a food chain

Question 26

in situ conservation

Answer 26

refers to conservation of species in their own natural reserves or national parks

Question 27

ex situ conservation

Answer 27

the preservation of species outside their natural habitats

Question 28

indicator species

Answer 28

organisms that indicate the health of an ecosystem or level or pollution

Question 29

Biodiversity

Answer 29

measures the variation of species in a community

Question 30

Richness

Answer 30

the number of different species present in a community

Question 31

Evenness

Answer 31

how close in numbers each species in an environment is - how equal the community is

Question 32

Lincoln index

Answer 32

uses data obtained from the capture-mark-release-recapture method to estimate the size of a population

Question 33

sigmoid growth curve

Answer 33

shows changes in population over time

Question 34

Natality

Answer 34

number of births

Question 35

mortality

Answer 35

number of deaths

Question 36

immigration

Answer 36

when organisms arrive at an environment

Question 37

emmigration

Answer 37

when organisms leave an environment

Question 38

carrying capacity

Answer 38

the max population an environment can hold due to food, territory or breeding sites

Question 39

eutrophication

Answer 39

the enrichment with nutrients of a body of water leading to the excessive growth of plants and algae, causing oxygen depletion

Question 40

Biochemical oxygen demand

Answer 40

is the amount of dissolved oxygen needed by aerobic organisms to break down organic material