Unit 6 Human Physiology

Question 1

Digestion

Answer 1

is the process by which food are transformed into soluble molecules

Question 2

absorption

Answer 2

is the process by which monomers enter the cells of the intestine wall

Question 3

Amylase

Answer 3

is the enzyme that digests starch, a polysaccharide, into disaccharides

Question 4

lipase

Answer 4

the enzyme that digests lipids such as such as triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol

Question 5

Proteases

Answer 5

enzymes that digests groteins into peptides and then into amino acids

Question 6

Villi

Answer 6

are small finger- like projections of the intestinal wall facing the lumen

Question 7

Microvilli

Answer 7

are small projections found of the surface of the epithelial cells of the villi

Question 8

Lacteal

Answer 8

is the lymphatic vessel found in each villus which aids lipid absorption

Question 9

Mucosa

Answer 9

the layer of epithelial tissue where food absorption occurs

Question 10

Circular and longitudinal muscles

Answer 10

contract in different directions, allowing the movement of food through the gut

Question 11

sodium co-transport

Answer 11

is the process by which sodium is transported outside the cell by active transport to allow the entrance of other substances such as glucose into the cell by co-transport with the sodium ions

Question 12

Medulla oblongata

Answer 12

part of the brain involved in the control of the heart rate

Question 13

Adrenaline

Answer 13

Hormone that accelerates the heart rate

Question 14

Lymphocytes

Answer 14

white blood cells involved in the production of antibodues

Question 15

plasma cells

Answer 15

are mature lymphocytes that can produce antibodies in the primary response

Question 16

Antigen

Answer 16

part of the pathogen recognized by the immune system

Question 17

antibody

Answer 17

protein that attaches to the antigen to destroy or flag the pathogen

Question 18

Memory cells

Answer 18

produce antibodies if a pathogen carrying a specific antigen is re- encountered. This is called the secondary response

Question 19

HIV

Answer 19

a virus that causes the disease AIDS

Question 20

Ventilation rate

Answer 20

the amount of air breathed in a period of time

Question 21

tidal volume

Answer 21

the amount of air breathed in one breath

Question 22

Type I pneumocytes

Answer 22

are flattened epithelial cells allowing gaseous exchange

Question 23

Type II pneumocytes

Answer 23

cuboidal epithelial cells production surfactant

Question 24

Lung cancer

Answer 24

presence of tumors growing in the lung tissue

Question 25

Emphysema

Answer 25

the destruction of alveolar walls by elastase leading to impaired gaseous exchange

Question 26

Membrane potential

Answer 26

the difference in voltage between the outside and inside of the cell membrane

Question 27

resting potential

Answer 27

the membrane potential as long as there is no perturbance, it its around -70mV

Question 28

Action potential

Answer 28

the depolarization and repolarization of the neuron allowing impulse transmission

Question 29

Depolarization

Answer 29

the opening of the sodium ion channels, increasing the membrane potential

Question 30

Repolarization

Answer 30

the closing of sodium ion channels and opening of potassium ion channels restoring the low membrane potential

Question 31

Hyperpolarizaiton

Answer 31

when the membrane potential is at its lowest. This is caused by the delay i closing of the potassium ion channels

Question 32

Insulin

Answer 32

induces the uptake of glucose from blood to be stored in the liver as glycogen when glucose levels are high

Question 33

Glucagon

Answer 33

induces the breakdown of glycogen into glucose to be released when glucose levels are low in the blood

Question 34

Thyroxin

Answer 34

secreted by the thyroid gland to regulate the metabolic rate and help control body temperature

Question 35

Leptin

Answer 35

secreted by cells in adipose tissue and acts on the hypothalamus of the brain to inhibit appetite

Question 36

Melatonin

Answer 36

secreted by the pineal glad to control circadian rhythms. Promotes sleep when it is dark. It is used to alleviate the effects of Jet lag

Question 37

Testes

Answer 37

the male reproductive organs that produce sperm and testosterone

Question 38

scrotum

Answer 38

holds the testes

Question 39

epididymis

Answer 39

a duct where sperm are stored until ejaculation

Question 40

Sperm Ducts

Answer 40

transfer the sperm from the epididymis to the urethra during ejaculation

Question 41

Seminal Vesicles and Prostate gland

Answer 41

secrete fluid that makes semen

Question 42

Ovaries

Answer 42

the organs where eggs, estrogen and progesterone are produced

Question 43

Oviducts

Answer 43

the canals that receive the eggs at ovulation and are the site of fertilization

Question 44

Uterus

Answer 44

the organ where the embryo is implanted after fertilization

Question 45

cervix

Answer 45

the lower part of the uterus. Its muscles dilate to provide a birth canal

Question 46

Vagina

Answer 46

the duct joining the vulva with the uterus allowing sexual intercourse

Question 47

vulva

Answer 47

protects the internal parts of the female reproductive system

Question 48

FSh

Answer 48

Stimulates the development of follicles and the secretion of estrogen by the follicle wall

Question 49

estrogen

Answer 49

stimulates the repair and thickening of the endometrium

Question 50

LH

Answer 50

stimulates the development of follicles leading to ovulation

Question 51

Progesterone

Answer 51

promotes the thickening and maintenance of the endometrium