Unit 5 Evolution and Biodiversity

Question 1

Evolution

Answer 1

the change in characteristics that can be inherited by different generations of a population

Question 2

Homologous structures

Answer 2

those inherited from a common ancestor

Question 3

analogous structures

Answer 3

have similar structures but a different ancestry

Question 4

convergent evolution

Answer 4

the development of similar features in unrelated species (wings in birds and insects or the streamlined bodies of fish and cetaceans)

Question 5

Divergent evolution

Answer 5

describes the evolution of new species from a single parents species in response to evolutionary triggers

Question 6

Adaptive radiation

Answer 6

rapidly occurring type of divergent evolution in which the newly diversified species are adaptivley specialized to a particular environmental niche

Question 7

Speciation

Answer 7

the creation of new species from one existing species, often as a result of divergent evolution

Question 8

Variations

Answer 8

differences in a species due to mutation, meiosis and sexual reproduction

Question 9

Natural selection

Answer 9

a theory involving mechanisms that contribute to the selection of individuals that reproduce. It can lead to the evolution of a species

Question 10

Adaptations

Answer 10

characteristics that make an individual suited to its environment and way of life

Question 11

What increases variation in a population

Answer 11

Mutations, Meiosis and Sexual reproduction promote variation within a population. Mutations occurring in gametes are inherited,. In sexually reproduction organisms variation occurs during meiosis by crossing over of genes between homologous chromosomes and the random orientation in the migration of chromatids.

Question 12

Eukaryotes

Answer 12

classified form higher hierarchy to lower as Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species

Question 13

Binomial system

Answer 13

system of classification the uses “Genus species” to name organisms

Question 14

Invertebrates

Answer 14

animals that have no vertebral column, such as arthropoda

Question 15

Vertebrates

Answer 15

animals that have a vertebral column. They all have a spinal cord

Question 16

Bryophyta

Answer 16

non-vascular land plants that don’t produce fruits, pollen, or seeds. the have rhizoids instead of roots. Fertilization of gametes depends on the presence of water as it occurs outside the organism

Question 17

Filicinophyta

Answer 17

Vascular plants that have roots, stems, and leaves w/ xylem and phloem. they do not produce pollen and have no overies. Reproduction is by spores on the underside of leaves

Question 18

Coniferophyta

Answer 18

vascular plants that have stems roots and leaves w/ xylem and phloem. Pollen and ovules are produced in cones, where seeds are produced. they do not produce flowers

Question 19

Angiospermophyta

Answer 19

vascular flowering plants. They have roots, stems and leaves w/ xylem and phloem. Pollen and ovules are produced in flowers where fruits containing seeds are produced.

Question 20

Trait

Answer 20

is an identifiable, heritable phenotypic characteristic of an organism, such as blue eyes, or red or white flowers. It is used in the description of the observable characteristics expressed by an allele