Oral Anatomy Final - Extraoral/Intraoral Exams and Anomalies

Question 1

True or false: In general, gloves are worn for the extraoral exam.

Answer 1

FALSE. Gloves are not worn for the extraoral exam unless there is a cut or open sore on patient’s skin or operator’s hand.

Question 2

What does “WNL” stand for?

Answer 2

Within Normal Limits

Question 3

What is checked in an extraoral exam?

Answer 3

• general appearance
• head
• skin
• eyes
• TMJ
• neck
• nodes
• salivary glands
• lips

Question 4

What does “AWNN” stand for?

Answer 4

Apparently Well, Normally Nourished

Question 5

What is evaluated when checking general appearance?

Answer 5

Look for abnormalities in: posture, gait, breathing, facial symmetry, swelling, nasal discharge

Question 6

What is evaluated when checking skin?

Answer 6

Look for abnormalities in: color and lesions (if lesions, document location and size)

Question 7

What is evaluated when checking eyes?

Answer 7

Look for abnormalities in:

• sclera (should be white and clear)
• conjunctiva (should not be red/irritated)
• pupil (should not be excessively dilated or small)

Question 8

How is the TMJ evaluated?

Answer 8

Palpate TMJ anterior to tragus and have patient slowly open and close. Note any deviations, deflections, or crepitus.

Question 9

What are the characteristics of an infectious/inflammatory lymph node?

Answer 9

• soft to palpation
• freely movable
• painful

Question 10

What are the characteristics of a malignant lymph node?

Answer 10

• firm to palpation
• fixed
• generally not tender or painful

Question 11

What does “NPNT” stand for and when is it used?

Answer 11

Non-Palpable, Non-Tender

describes normal lymph nodes

Question 12

What is checked in an intraoral exam?

Answer 12

• mucosa (labial and buccal)
• palate
• tonsils/oropharynx
• tongue
• floor of mouth
• salivary glands
• alveolar processes
• gingiva
• teeth/occlusion

Question 13

What are the four types of papillae on the tongue?

Answer 13

filiform, foliate, circumvallate, and fungiform

Question 14

What are the top 3 most commonly missing adult teeth? (partial anodontia)

Answer 14

1. third molars (especially maxillary)
2. maxillary lateral incisors (1-2% of the population)
3. mandibular second premolars (1%)

Question 15

What is the most commonly missing primary teeth?

Answer 15

mandibular central incisors

Question 16

On which dentition and in which arch is it more common for extra or supernumerary teeth to occur?

Answer 16

permanent dentition in the maxillary arch (90%)

Question 17

What are the three common areas for extra or supernumerary teeth to occur?

Answer 17

• maxillary incisor area
• third molar area
• mandibular premolar area

Question 18

A small extra maxillary incisor is located on the midline between the 2 central incisors. What is this tooth called?

Answer 18

mesiodens

Question 19

What are the 3 terms that can be used to describe an extra molar?

Answer 19

paramolar, distomolar, or fourth molar

Question 20

If there is an extra mandibular premolar in the arch, is it more likely to erupt facial or lingual to the arch?

Answer 20

If it is not in the arch, an extra mandibular premolar is likely to erupt lingual to the arch.

Question 21

If there is an extra mandibular canine in the arch, is it more likely to erupt facial or lingual to the arch?

Answer 21

If it is not in the arch, an extra mandibular canine is likely to erupt facial to the arch.

Question 22

What tooth’s crown is the most variable?

Answer 22

third molars

Question 23

What tooth is the most likely to be peg-shaped?

Answer 23

maxillary lateral incisors (peg-shaped maxillary central incisors are very rare)

Question 24

Identify this anomaly.

One crown appears double in width with one root, one pulp chamber, and one canal.

Answer 24

gemination

Question 25

Identify this anomaly. | One crown appears double in width with two roots, two pulp chambers, and two pulp canals.

Answer 25

fusion (two adjacent crowns fused); most common in primary anterior

Question 26

Identify this anomaly. | "screwdriver teeth" in which there is a notch missing

Answer 26

Hutchinson's incisors (congenital syphilis)

Question 27

What disease are mulberry molars a result of?

Answer 27

syphilis

Question 28

``` Identify this anomaly. a third (middle) lingual cusp is present on mandibular molars ```

Answer 28

tuberculum intermedium

Question 29

Identify this anomaly. | an additional distal cusp is present on mandibular molars

Answer 29

tuberculum sextum

Question 30

Identify this anomaly. | similar to an extra lingual cusp; may have its own pulp horn

Answer 30

talon cusp

Question 31

Identify this anomaly and its two subtypes. enlarged teeth: -the entire dentition is enlarged -only incisors and canines are enlarged

Answer 31

macrodontia - generalized (occurs in pituitary giants) - localized

Question 32

Identify this anomaly. | small teeth; only affects maxillary lateral incisors and third molars

Answer 32

microdontia

Question 33

Identify this anomaly. common in those with American Indians, Asian, Mongoloid, and Eskimo heritage; appears as very prominent marginal ridges on maxillary incisors

Answer 33

shovel-shaped incisors

Question 34

Identify this anomaly. | severe bending of the root at the CEJ

Answer 34

dilaceration

Question 35

Identify this anomaly. | severe bending of the root at any level other than the CEJ

Answer 35

flexion

Question 36

Identify this anomaly. often found near furcations; core of dentin with a cover of enamel; may cause problems because hinders periodontal attachment

Answer 36

enamel pearls

Question 37

Identify this anomaly. affects molars; more common in Native Americans, Neanderthals, and Eskimos; has a very large pulp chamber with no constriction at the CEJ

Answer 37

taurodontia ("bull tooth")

Question 38

Identify this anomaly. | during development of a tooth, there is an invagination of the enamel

Answer 38

dens in dente ("tooth within a tooth")

Question 39

Identify this anomaly. | thickening of the cementum due to trauma or metabolic dysfunction; may cause webbed root

Answer 39

hypercementosis

Question 40

Identify this anomaly. | joining of cementum of adjacent teeth after eruption; usually occurs in third molar area

Answer 40

concrescence of roots

Question 41

Identify this anomaly. | very short roots; common in central incisors; usually hereditary or due to early orthodontic movement

Answer 41

dwarfed roots

Question 42

Which secondary teeth commonly have accessory (extra) roots?

Answer 42

- third molars - mandibular first and second molars - mandibular canine and premolar (so that it would have facial and lingual root) - maxillary first premolar (so it may have 3 roots)

Question 43

What is the most common primary tooth to have accessory roots? (but this is still very rare)

Answer 43

primary maxillary canine

Question 44

What two teeth are most commonly impacted?

Answer 44

third molars and maxillary canines

Question 45

What is the difference between transposition and transmigration?

Answer 45

Transposition is when a tooth switches spots with another tooth. Transmigration is when a tooth moves into the wrong spot.

Question 46

Identify this anomaly. | a tooth erupts somewhere other than the arch (like the nose, for example)

Answer 46

ectopic

Question 47

Identify this anomaly. | failure to complete eruption due to trauma or infection; loss of periodontal ligament; root is fused to the bone

Answer 47

ankylosis

Question 48

Identify this anomaly. | abnormal enamel formation

Answer 48

enamel dysplasia

Question 49

Identify this anomaly. faulty formation of enamel; hereditary; total or partial loss of enamel; affects both primary and secondary dentition; dentin is exposed so prone to decay

Answer 49

amelogenesis imperfecta

Question 50

Identify this anomaly. due to too much fluoride during tooth formation; mild form will only have mottled enamel while more severe form has pitted enamel; teeth are strong and will not decay

Answer 50

fluorosis

Question 51

Identify this anomaly. | pitted enamel due to an infection/disease while the teeth were developing

Answer 51

enamel damage due to high fever

Question 52

Identify this anomaly. | seen as hypocalcification or a yellow spot on tooth; from local trauma or infection like an abscess on primary tooth

Answer 52

focal hypermaturation (Turner's tooth)

Question 53

Identify this anomaly. | abnormal dentin formation

Answer 53

dentin dysplasia

Question 54

Identify this anomaly. faulty dentin formation; hereditary; affects primary and secondary dentition; teeth are grayish-blue in color and opalescent; no pulp chamber or pulp canal; teeth chip easily because enamel is brittle

Answer 54

dentinogenesis imperfecta

Question 55

Identify this anomaly. | teeth appear green in color; blockage in the gall bladder and the bile accumulates

Answer 55

biliary atrisia

Question 56

Identify this anomaly. affects the teeth that were forming while the patient was taking drug; if pregnant while taking drug, baby's primary dentition may be affected

Answer 56

tetracycline stain

Question 57

What are the 4 reactions to injury after eruption?

Answer 57

- attrition - abrasion - abfraction - erosion

Question 58

Define attrition.

Answer 58

wear of enamel and dentin due to opposing tooth contact

Question 59

Define abrasion.

Answer 59

wear of tooth structure by mechanical means like a tooth brush, tooth pick, chewing tobacco, etc.

Question 60

Define abfraction.

Answer 60

bending of tooth due to heavy occlusion with enamel chipping off at cervical

Question 61

Define erosion.

Answer 61

wear of tooth structure due to chemical agents like citric acids, carbonated beverages, and vomit

Question 62

What is bruxism?

Answer 62

- normally teeth are in contact 20 min/day during mastication with a load of 20-40 pounds - patients with bruxism have 40 min/hr contact during the night with a load of 250 pounds