Oral Anatomy Final - Tooth Anatomy Flashcards
questions taken from the lecture powerpoints (120 cards)
1
Q
What are the 4 tissues of a tooth?
A
enamel, dentin, cementum, pulp
2
Q
What is the difference between a clinical crown/root and an anatomical crown/root?
A
A clinical crown is the part of the tooth that is visible in the mouth and the anatomical crown is the portion of the tooth covered with enamel. The clinical root is the part of the tooth that is not visible in the mouth. The anatomical root is the part of the tooth that is covered by cementum.
3
Q
What is the order of the words to describe a tooth structure/surface?
A
Mesial Distal Facial/Labial/Buccal Lingual Occlusal/Incisal Cervical/Apical
4
Q
What two teeth have the longest crown in the mouth?
A
mandibular canine or maxillary central incisor (for OSU, maxillary central incisor is considered to have longest crown)
5
Q
What tooth is the longest tooth in the mouth?
A
maxillary canine
6
Q
What tooth has the widest crown in the mouth?
A
mandibular first molar
7
Q
What tooth has the narrowest crown in the mouth?
A
mandibular central incisor
8
Q
What are perikymata?
A
very small horizontal wave-like ripples of enamel on newly erupted adult teeth
9
Q
On which side (mesial or distal) does the CEJ curve more?
A
mesial
10
Q
Which has more CEJ curvature: the maxillary 2nd molars or the maxillary central incisors?
A
maxillary central incisors
11
Q
What is the anteroposterior curve (of Spee)? (which way does it curve?)
A
curves upward like a smile when looking at the teeth from a lateral view
12
Q
What is the mediolateral curve (of Wilson)?
A
curves upward like a smile when looking at the teeth from a facial view
13
Q
Describe an ideal Class I occlusion.
A
- maxillary teeth are facial to mandibular
- mesiobuccal cusp of maxillary first molar fits into the mesiobuccal groove of the mandibular first molar
14
Q
How many lobes form anterior teeth?
A
four lobes (three facial and one lingual)
15
Q
How many lobes form premolars?
A
three facial lobes and one lobe per lingual cusp
16
Q
How many lobes form molars?
A
one lobe per major cusp
17
Q
What is the difference between a Class II and Class III occlusion?
A
Class II occlusion is an overbite in which the maxillary teeth are far more anterior than the mandibular teeth.
Class III occlusion is a cross-bite in which the mandibular teeth are far more anterior than the maxillary teeth.
18
Q
What are the functions of incisors?
A
- cut food
- articulate speech
- support lips (esthetics)
- guide mandible during movement
19
Q
What is the longest incisor crown?
A
maxillary central incisor
20
Q
What are mamelons?
A
bumps on the incisal surface of incisors which reflect the 3 labial developmental lobes
21
Q
Which incisors have longer roots when comparing them to the crown length?
A
mandibular incisors (mandibular incisors roots are much longer than their crowns whereas maxillary incisor roots are closer in length to their crowns)
22
Q
On which surface is the incisal wear for maxillary and mandibular incisors?
A
For maxillary incisors, the wear is on the lingual surface.
For mandibular incisors, the wear is on the facial surface.
23
Q
In general, which proximal contacts are more cervical: mesial or distal?
A
Distal contact is more cervical.
24
Q
What is the general shape of the root of maxillary central incisors? Of maxillary lateral incisors?
A
Maxillary central incisor roots are cone-shaped.
Maxillary lateral incisor roots are more oval-shaped.
25
Which maxillary incisor have deeper lingual pits/fossa?
maxillary lateral incisors
26
Which way does the cingulum of the maxillary central incisor lean?
toward the distal
27
Maxillary central incisors and mandibular lateral incisors have a distoincisal edge that is lingual to the axis due to the _______ twist.
distolingual twist
28
What tooth has the largest CEJ curve for all teeth?
maxillary central incisor
29
In which third is the facial and lingual height of contours located for maxillary incisors?
the cervical third
30
For maxillary incisors, which is greater: the mesiodistal dimension or the faciolingual dimension?
mesiodistal
31
Which way do roots more often bend: distal or mesial?
distally
32
Which way does the cingulum of the mandibular lateral incisor tilt?
distal
33
Are mandibular roots wider faciolingually or mesiodistally?
faciolingually
34
What is the general shape of a cross-section of a mandibular incisor root?
"kidney" or "bow" shaped due to the mesial and distal root depressions
35
What are the functions of canines?
- support lips and cheeks
- cut, pierce, or shear food
- protect (separate) posterior teeth during mandibular movements resulting in canine-protected occlusion
36
Which cusp ridge is shorter on a canine: mesial or distal?
The mesial cusp ridge is shorter.
37
On which arch is the labial ridge more prominent on a canine?
maxillary canine
38
Which dimension is greater in a canine: labiolingual or mesiodistal?
Canines crowns are greater labiolingually than mesiodistally, like mandibular incisors.
39
What shape is the incisal facet (wear) on the maxillary canine?
diamond shaped
40
Which tooth has a mesial contour that is flat and in line with the root of the tooth?
mandibular canine
41
On which arch is the canine cusp tip sharper?
The maxillary cusp tip is sharper.
42
What is the tooth with the most cervical proximal contact of all the anterior teeth in both arches?
the distal contact of the maxillary canine
43
What is the difference between maxillary and mandibular canine roots?
Maxillary canine roots have a sharp apex and are more likely to bend distally.
Mandibular canine roots are more blunt and rarely bend.
44
On which arch is the canine cingulum larger?
The maxillary canine cingulum is larger.
45
On which arch is the canine cingulum angled more to the distal?
Mandibular canines have a cingulum that is angled toward the distal, like mandibular lateral incisors and maxillary central incisors.
46
How does the facial height of contour for canines differ between the maxillary and mandibular arches?
Maxillary canine facial height of contour is farther from the CEJ and more prominent than mandibular.
47
On which side, mesial or distal, is the root depression greater on canines?
The distal root depression is greater than the mesial.
48
On which arch(es) is the distolingual twist apparent in canines?
Mandibular canines have a distolingual twist.
49
On which side of what canine is there a distal pinch present?
on the distal side of the maxillary canine
50
What are the functions of premolars?
- mastication
- maintaining vertical dimension of the face
- assist canines to shear or cut food
- support cheeks and corners of the mouth
51
The distal proximal contact is more cervical than the mesial in all premolars except which one?
mandibular first premolar
52
The mesial cusp ridge is shorter than the distal cusp ridge in all premolars except which one?
maxillary first premolar
53
The mesial marginal ridges are more occlusal than the distal in all premolars except which one?
mandibular first premolar
54
Are premolars wider faciolingually or mesiodistally?
Premolars are wider faciolingually.
55
When two triangular ridges meet at the central groove, what is the resulting ridge called?
transverse ridge
56
All premolars have a central groove except which premolar?
mandibular first premolar
57
On which arch do the premolars have a less prominent buccal ridge?
The mandibular premolars have a less prominent buccal ridge.
58
On which maxillary premolar is the cusp tip sharper?
maxillary first premolar
59
Which premolar is likely to have 2 roots?
maxillary first premolar (and even if it has one root, it likely still has 2 canals)
60
Which cusp tip is shorter on a maxillary premolar: buccal or lingual?
The lingual cusp tip is shorter.
61
In which direction is the LINGUAL cusp tip pointed in maxillary premolars: mesial or distal?
mesial
62
Which marginal ridge is more cervical in the maxillary premolars: mesial or distal?
distal
63
On the maxillary first premolar, which root is shorter?
the lingual root
64
What tooth has the largest root to crown ratio in the maxillary arch?
maxillary second premolar
65
What tooth is the only tooth to have a crown depression and on what side of the tooth is it found?
The maxillary first premolar has a mesial crown depression.
66
Where is the lingual height of contour located for all anterior teeth?
cervical third
67
Where is the lingual height of contour located for all posterior teeth?
middle third
68
On which maxillary premolar can a marginal ridge groove often be found, and on what side?
The maxillary first premolar often has a mesial marginal ridge groove.
69
On which maxillary premolar is the central groove longer?
maxillary first premolar
70
Why does the mesial surface of the maxillary first premolar have many irregularities?
Because it is next to the canine and it transitions between the canine and the rest of the posterior teeth
71
What premolar is likely to have 3 cusps?
mandibular second premolar
72
Which mandibular premolar has a longer crown?
mandibular first premolar
73
On which sides are cusp ridge notches more common in the mandibular first and second premolars?
Cusp ridge notches more common on mesial of first and distal of second mandibular premolars.
74
What premolar has a nonfunctional cusp and on which side of the midroot axis line is it located?
The mandibular first premolar has a nonfunctional cusp located mesial to the midroot axis line.
75
If a mandibular second premolar has 2 lingual cusps, which is larger?
The mesiolingual cusp is normally longer and wider than the distolingual.
76
Mandibular first premolars often have a ______ groove to separate the mesial marginal ridge from the mesial cusp ridge of the lingual cusp.
mesiolingual
77
Which way (buccal or lingual) does the crown tilt on mandibular premolars?
lingual
78
The mesial marginal ridge of what tooth slopes at a 45 degree angle and is nearly parallel to the buccal triangular ridge?
mandibular first premolar
79
Describe the root depressions on mandibular premolars.
The mandibular first premolar has mesial and distal root depressions with a deeper depression on the distal.
The mandibular second premolar is likely to have a distal root depression but none on the mesial.
80
What shape is the occlusal outline of the mandibular first premolar?
diamond-shaped
81
What shape is the occlusal outline of a mandibular second premolar with two cusps? With three cusps?
With two cusps, the occlusal outline shape is rounded.
| With three cusps, the occlusal outline shape is square.
82
What tooth is commonly known as "snake eyes" due to its prominent transverse ridge?
mandibular first premolar
83
What is the shape of the groove of a mandibular second premolar with two cusps? With three cusps?
With two cusps, the groove pattern may be "H" or "U" shaped.
| With three cusps, the groove pattern may be "Y" shaped.
84
What is the only premolar with a central fossa?
mandibular second premolar with 3 cusps
85
What tooth is the only tooth with no tooth in proximal contact with its distal surface?
third molars
86
What are the functions of molars?
- mastication (grinding)
- maintenance of vertical dimension of face (with the premolars)
- maintenance of arch continuity for proper alignment
- support cheeks (esthetics)
87
Which dimension is larger for molars: mesiodistal or occlusocervical?
mesiodistal
88
Crowns of molars taper narrower from buccal to lingual except which molar?
maxillary first molar with a large distolingual cusp
89
On which arch are the molar crowns tilted lingually?
mandibular arch
90
Of the 3 maxillary molar roots, which root is the longest? The shortest? The widest?
The lingual root is the longest.
The distobuccal root is the shortest.
The mesiobuccal root is the widest.
91
Of the 2 mandibular molar roots, which root is the longest? The widest?
The mesial root is the longest and widest.
92
Rank the buccal cusps of the first mandibular molar in terms of size from largest to smallest.
Largest: mesiobuccal
distobuccal
Smallest: distal
93
On which molar (first or second) is the root trunk shorter? (applies to maxillary and mandibular molars)
Root trunk is shorter on the first molar compared to the second.
94
On which mandibular molar is the roots more divergent?
Mandibular first molar roots are more divergent.
95
Rank the cusps (buccal and lingual) of the mandibular first molar in terms of height from tallest to shortest.
```
Tallest: mesiolingual
distolingual
mesiobuccal
distobuccal
Shortest: buccal
```
96
What ridge is prominent on the buccal surface of the mandibular second molar?
buccal cervical ridge
97
How many canals are present in the mesial root of the mandibular molars?
two canals in the mesial root
98
What are the three fossa in the mandibular first and second molars?
central (largest), mesial trangular, and distal triangular (very small) fossa
99
What shape is the groove pattern of the mandibular second molar?
"+" shaped
100
If there is an extra lingual cusp on a mandibular molar, what is this called?
tuberculum intermedium
101
If there is an extra cusp on the distal marginal ridge of the first molar, what is this called?
tuberculum sextum
102
What is the largest maxillary tooth?
maxillary first molar
103
Which maxillary molar is wider mesiodistally?
maxillary first molar
104
On which molar is a cusp of Carabelli often found?
maxillary first molar
105
For maxillary molars, which grooves and pits (buccal or lingual) are more caries prone?
the lingual grooves and pits
106
What root of the maxillary molar has a longitudinal depression on the lingual surface?
lingual root
107
Which maxillary molar's roots are more spread?
maxillary first molar
108
For maxillary molars, which dimension is greater: buccolingual or mesiodistal?
buccolingual
109
What molar can be heart-shaped?
maxillary second molar with 3 cusps
110
What is formed by the the triangular ridge of the distobuccal cusp and the triangular ridge of the mesiolingual cusp of the maxillary molars?
an oblique ridge
111
What are the fossae of a maxillary molar with 4 cusps?
- central (largest)
- distal oblique (second largest, cigar-shaped, distal to the mesiolingual cusp)
- mesial triangular
- distal triangular (tiny)
112
What are the grooves of a 4-cusp maxillary molar?
- central groove (mesial to central fossa)
- buccal groove (from central fossa)
- distal oblique groove (from distal fossa)
- lingual groove (continues from distal oblique; caries prone)
- transverse groove of oblique ridge
113
What are the grooves of a 3-cusp maxillary molar?
-buccal groove
-central groove
(no distal oblique groove, lingual groove, or transverse groove of oblique ridge)
114
Where is the distal proximal contact of the maxillary first molar located? (*hint: it is an exception)
The distal proximal contact of the maxillary first molar is located centrally.
115
What molar has an occlusal outline shape of a pentagon? Of a rectangle? Of a rhomboid/square? Of a heart?
- pentagon-shaped = mandibular first molar
- rectangle-shaped = mandibular second molar
- rhomboid/square-shaped = maxillary first or second molars
- heart-shaped = maxillary second molar (3-cusp type) or maxillary third molars
116
What is the only maxillary tooth to occlude with only one tooth?
maxillary third molars
117
What is the only mandibular tooth to occlude with only one tooth?
mandibular central incisors
118
How do third molars differ from first and second molars?
- smaller (crown and roots)
- more bulbous but with smaller occlusal tables
- more wrinkled (accessory grooves/fissures)
- morphology may resemble first or second molars or heart-shaped
- roots often fused, trunk long
- roots thin, pointed; if bent, bent in distal direction
119
What crowns have the greatest variance of shape?
third molar crowns
120
On which maxillary premolar is the central groove longer?
maxillary first premolar
