Oral and topical drug administration Flashcards
What are the three basic routes of drug administration?
- ENTERAL (uses gastrointestinal tract for absorption of drugs)
- PARENTERAL (injections)
- TOPICAL (skin and mucous membranes)
Why is oral administration the most convenient route for drug administration?
- May result in better compliance
- Safest
- Least expensive
Why are enteric coatings used?
- The drug is a gastric irritant
- Allows tablet to remain intact in the stomach and pass unchanged into the small bowel where the coating dissolves and the drug is released and absorbed
What are Lozenges and Pastilles?
Solid, single-dose preparations intended to be sucked to obtain a local or systemic effect to the mouth/throat
What are Lozenges and Pastilles?
Solid, single-dose preparations intended to be sucked to obtain a local or systemic effect to the mouth/throat
Which drugs can be delivered in a Transdermal Patch?
- Fentanyl
- Hyoscine
- Nicotine
- Oestradiol
Which part of the Adhesive patch controls the rate of drug delivery?
Stratum Corneum
Which part of the Layered or Matrix patches controls the rate of drug delivery?
Drug-containing matrix
Which part of the Reservoir patch controls the rate of drug delivery?
Membrane layer
What are Suppositories?
Solid preparations containing one or more drugs that either melt after insertion into the body or dissolve and mix with the available volume of rectal fluid
What are the advantages of Rectal administration?
- Drug can be administered when the patient cannot use the oral route (e.g vomiting or unconscious)
- Does not require swallowing
- Unacceptable taste
- Rarely causes local irritation or side-effects
What are the disadvantages of Rectal administration?
- Discomfort/Embarrassment
- Slow and incomplete absorption
- Development of Proctitis (inflammation of the lining of the Rectum)
- Contraindicated in patients who have had rectal surgery or active rectal bleeding
