ORAL: BhG 1.31 & 1.32 Flashcards
(15 cards)
Chant verse 1.31
nimittāni ca paśyāmi viparītāni keśava |
na ca śreyo ’nupaśyāmi hatvā svajanam āhave || 1.31 ||
Chant verse 1.32
na kāṅkṣe vijayaṃ kṛṣṇa na ca rājyaṃ sukhāni ca |
kiṃ no rājyena govinda kiṃ bhogair jīvitena vā || 1.32 ||
Translate verse 1.31
AND I SEE UNFAVOURABLE OMENS, LOVELY-HAIRED KRISHNA; AND I FORESEE NO GOOD IN KILLING MY PEOPLE IN BATTLE.
Translate verse 1.32
Krishna, I do not seek victory, nor kingship, nor pleasures.
What use to us are kingship, delights, or even life, o Govinda?
nimittāni viparītāni
**nimittāni **= ‘omens’.
direct object, Noun
Acc. Neut. Plur
√nimitta -= ‘sign, omen’.
—
viparītāni = Acc Neut Plur
viparīta (adjective that qualifies nimittāni) – past passive participle, PPP
viparīta = “upside-down, contrary, reversed, adverse, inauspicious, unfavourable”
Both are Acc Neut Plur
nimittāni ca paśyāmi viparītāni keśava |
What is the main verb in the first line of stanza 1.31?
paśyāmi = ‘I see’
√dṛś = ‘to see’
Root used to make the present tense stem = paś (i.e. paśyati).
1st pers, sg, present tense, active.
Analyse keśava
Keśava is an epithet for Krishna.
Voc, sg, masc
के शि keśava (adjective) “who has beautiful/long hair”, epithet of Kṛṣṇa
[from के श keśa, masculine noun, “hair”]
na ca śreyo ’nupaśyāmi hatvā svajanam āhave ||
What is the main verb of the second line of stanza 1.31?
’nupaśyāmi = anupaśyāmi
‘I see/I foresee’
1st pers, sg, present tense, active.
√paś = ‘to notice, to perceive’
anu = prepositional prefix
What is the gerund in stanza 1.31 ?
hatvā
‘in killing/if I kill’
gerund from √han
what is the karmadhāraya compound in stanza 1.31?
svajanam = ‘my people’
(direct objectof the verb hatvā)
karmadhāraya compound consisting of the adjective sva- + the noun jana
karmadhāraya compound = descriptive determinate compound.
Sva+jana ‘Ones own people’.
Acc Masc Sing
analyse āhave
1.31
Loc, Masc, Sg
‘In battle’
āhava (masc.) = ‘war, battle’.
na kāṅkṣe vijayaṃ kṛṣṇa na ca rājyaṃ sukhāni ca |
What is the main verb in the first line of verse 1.32?
[na] kāṅkṣe = ‘I do not desire/wish’
√kāṅkṣ
1st pers, sg, present tense, middle voice (ātmanepada).
*Note that this form is in the ātmanepada or middle voice; its corresponding parasmaipada or active voice form is kāṅkṣāmi काङ्क्षानि and has exactly the same meaning.
linked with √कि्√kam “to desire, to love”
What are the direct objects of the main verb kāṅkṣe?
1.32
vijayaṃ = ‘victory’ (direct object, Acc Masc Sing)
rājyaṃ = ‘kingship’ (direct object, Acc Neut Sing)
—
sukhāni = ‘pleasures’ (direct object, Acc Plur Neut)
All are in the ACC case!
rājya (neuter noun) “kingship, sovereignty” – linked with राजि्rājan “king, sovereign”
What are the instrumentals in the second line of verse 1.32?
kiṃ no rājyena govinda kiṃ bhogair jīvitena vā
kiṃ no rājyena = ‘what is the use in kingship?’
rājyena (instr.) = ‘In kingship’
Inst. NTR, Sg
—
kiṃ bhogair = ‘what is the use in pleasures?’
bhogair = Instr Masc Plur
√bhuj = bhogaiḥ = without sandhi
—
[kiṃ] jīvitena = ‘what is the use in life?’
jīvitena = Instr Neut Sing
jīvita (Ntr.) = ‘a living being’.
All in the Instr case.
भोग bhoga (masculine noun) “enjoyment, pleasure, advantage (also: eating)”
[What is the use in kingship, O Govinda, what is the use in pleasures or in life?]
na ca śreyo ’nupaśyāmi
analyse śreyo
śreyaḥ without sandhi,
‘good, advantage’
Direct object of anupaśyami (‘I see’)
Acc Neut Sing
√śreyas (adj.) = “better, preferable”
[I see no good in killing my own people in battle].
