ORAL: BhG 2.9 & 2.10 Flashcards
(19 cards)
Chant verse 2.9
saṃjaya uvāca ।
evam uktvā hṛṣīkeśaṃ guḍākeśaḥ paraṃtapa ।
na yotsya iti govindam uktvā tūṣṇīṃ babhūva ha ॥
https://www.bhagavadgita.eu/en/?cat=23
Chant verse 2.10
tam uvāca hṛṣīkeśaḥ prahasann iva bhārata ।
senayor ubhayor madhye viṣīdantam idaṃ vacaḥ ॥
How many gerunds are there in verse 2.9?
V 2.9
two
[uktvā X 2 ]
Class 2 verb √vac
Analyse uvāca
VERSE 2.9
√vac
Class 2 verb,
3rd. Pers. Sg. Active
PERFECT
u+vā(c) + ca
2nd class verbs reduplicate the first consonent and vowel, this can appear as vavāca. But here, with vowel gradation, it appears at uvāca.
analyse the compound hṛṣīkeśaṃ
verse 2.9
This compound can be translated as either a tatpuruṣa or a bahuvrihi compound.
As a tatpuruṣa= ‘Lord OF the senses’, hṛṣīkānām/ indriyānām. Because here it is interpreted as a tatpurusa, there must be an oblique case relation (i.e. genitive).
As a bahuvrihi = it is used adjectivally to qualifty Krishna. One whose hair is bristing. “The bristling-haired-one”.
[Acc. Sg]
केश = masc.
Analyse the compound guḍākeśaḥ
Verse 2.9
This compound is translated as a Bahuvrihi, qualifying Arjuna.
Guda = the spurge plant, which has very thick leaves.
keśa (masc.) = hair
Thus, ‘the thick-haired One’.
Nom. Masc, Sg
Analyse the compound paraṃtapa
Verse 2.9
This compound is slightly unusual, but very common in the Gita. It is unusual because the first element of the compound (para) has a case ending! (Acc. Sg).
This compound ‘scorcher-of-the-foe’ could be translated either as a tatpurusa or a bahuvrihi. Likely here it behaves like a Bahuvrihī, because it is uised like and adjective to describe the Blind King (To whom the Gita is narrated).
VOC. Sg
analyse the verb Yotsya
‘na yotsya’
(from Yotsye).
Verse 2.9
‘I will not fight’
yotsa is formed from the root √yudh in the atmanepada voice.
It is a class 4 verb, and a quite common example. This verb nearly always conjugates in the atmanepada voice.
It is formed from yudh+iṣya+ e => yodh+iṣya + e = (dh+ṣ = ts) = yotsye.
1st Pers. Sg. FUTURE tense, Atmanepada.
Analyse the verb babhūva
Verse 2.9
√bhū
This verb is in ther PERFECT tense, which commonly has reduplicated roots.
Hence, we have ba+bhū+ va
3rd. Pers. Sg PERFECT (ACTIVE)
The Perfect tense provides the same meaning as the Imperfect tense, that is, they both refer to events in the past.
E.g. ‘He became silent’
Analyse the (adverb) tūṣṇīṃ
√tuṣ
Class 4 verb
Indeclinable
√tuṣ = ‘to become calm, to be satisfied or pleased’.
Chant stanza BhG 2.10
tam uvāca hṛṣīkeśaḥ prahasann iva bhārata ।
senayor ubhayor madhye viṣīdantam idaṃ vacaḥ ॥
Analyse word tam
Verse 2.10
‘To him’
√tad
3rd person, personal pronoun
[he/she/it]
Acc. Sg. Masc - 3rd pers.
agrees with the ‘patient’ = Arjuna
analyse uvāca
‘spoke’
√vac
Perfect, 3rd person Sing. active
[II class]
analyse bhārata
verse 2.10
O descendant of bhārata!
(Dhṛtarāṣṭra)
Voc, Sg.
analyse iva
verse 2.10
‘like, in the same manner as, as if, as though’
Ind.
analyse prahasann & viṣīdantam
participles!!
verse 2.10
Nom. Masc. Sing (agreeing with hṛṣīkeśaḥ/ krishna)
pra-√has
√has = ‘to smile, laugh, laugh at, to deride’
Prahasann = Present Active Participle
—
viṣīdantam = Acc. Masc. Sg (Agreeing with Arjuna)
from vi-√sad
√sad = ‘to sink down, sink into despondency or distress; low-spirited’.
(Class 1: vi-ṣīdati)
Both are Present Participle Active, both Class 1 Verbs.
viṣīdantam agrees with tam [Acc Masc S]
analyse madhye
verse 2.10
madhya = ‘middlemost, intermediate, central; standing between two.’
madhye (loc.) = “In the middle, in between two [armies]”.
Loc. Masc. Sg
analyse senayor ubhayor
verse 2.10
ubhaya = ‘both’
ubhayoḥ (Fem, Gen. Dual) = ubhayor with sandhi
—
senayoḥ (Fem, Gen. dual) = senayor with sandhi
√senā
senayor ubhayor = “[in the middle] of both armies”
both are Fem. Dual. Gen
Analyse idaṃ vacaḥ
verse 2.10
idaṃ = Acc. Sing. Ntr
DEMONSTRATIVE pronoun (‘this’)
vacaḥ = Acc. Sing. Ntr of vacas
Both are Acc. Sing. Ntr.
