Oral Cavity and Pharynges

Question 1

What is the function of the gingivae?

Answer 1

Surrounds necks of teeth and covers alveolar processes

Question 2

What is the function of the hard palate?

Answer 2

Forms anterior 2/3 of roof of mouth separates oral cavity from nasal cavity

Question 3

What is the function of the lips?

Answer 3

Close oral cavity during chewing

Question 4

What is the function of the salivary glands?

Answer 4

Produce saliva

Question 5

What is the function of the soft palate?

Answer 5

Forms posterior 1/3 of roof of mouth; helps close off opening to nasopharynx when swallowing

Question 6

What is the function of the teeth?

Answer 6

Mastication

Question 7

What is the function of the tongue?

Answer 7

Pushes food against palate to turn it into a bolus; detects tastes via taste buds

Question 8

What is the function of the tonsils?

Answer 8

Detect antigens in swallowed food and drink and initiate immune response if necessary

Question 9

What is the function of the vestibule?

Answer 9

Space where ingested materials are mixed with saliva and mechanically digested

Question 10

What is the function of the uvula?

Answer 10

Assists soft palate in closing off entryway to nasopharynx when swallowing

Question 11

What are fauces?

Answer 11

Opening between the oral cavity and the oropharynx

Question 12

Fauces are bounded by paired muscular folds. What are they?

Answer 12

Anterior fold: glossopalatine arch

Posterior fold: pharyngopalatine arch

Question 13

What are housed between the arches in the oral cavity?

Answer 13

Palatine tonsils

Question 14

What is the lingual frenulum?

Answer 14

Thin, vertical mucous membrane on the inferior surface of the tongue that attaches it to the floor of the oral cavity

Question 15

Where are lingual tonsils found?

Answer 15

Posterior surface of the tongue

Question 16

What is the largest salivary gland?

Answer 16

Parotid gland

Question 17

What are the 3 pairs of salivary glands?

Answer 17

Parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands

Question 18

Which gland produces the most saliva?

Answer 18

Submandibular gland

Question 19

Where are the parotid glands located?

Answer 19

Anterior and inferior to the ear, partially overlaying the masseter muscle

Question 20

Where does the parotid gland open into?

Answer 20

Oral vestibule next to the 2nd upper molar

Question 21

Where are the submandibular glands located? Where does their duct open to?

Answer 21

Inferior to body of mandible; ducts open through a papilla in the floor of the mouth on the lateral sides of the lingual frenulum

Question 22

Where are the sublingual glands located? Where does their duct open to?

Answer 22

Inferior to the tongue and internal to the oral cavity mucosa; multiple tiny ducts open onto inferior surface of the oral cavity, posterior to the submandibular duct papilla

Question 23

What are the components of a tooth?

Answer 23

Exposed crown, constricted neck, and one or more roots to anchor it to the jaw

Question 24

What makes up the gomphosis joint of the teeth?

Answer 24

Roots, dental alveoli, and periodontal ligament

Question 25

In an infant, how many teeth do we have? What are they called? Adult?

Answer 25

Infant: 20 teeth; deciduous or milk teeth Adult: 32 teeth, but wisdom teeth are typically removed

Question 26

What nerve do you block when doing work on the bottom teeth?

Answer 26

Inferior alveolar nerve

Question 27

What nerve would you block to block the infraorbital?

Answer 27

Superior alveolar nerve

Question 28

What are the 3 phases of swallowing? Explain them

Answer 28

Voluntary Phase (voluntary) : bolus of food is pushed by tongue against hard palate and then moves toward oropharynx Pharyngeal Phase (involuntary): as bolus moves into oropharynx, the soft palate closes off nasopharynx and the epiglottis closes over laryngeal opening Esophageal Phase (involuntary): esophageal muscle contractions push bolus toward stomach; soft palate and epiglottis return to their pre-swallowing positions

Question 29

What nerve innervates the tensor veli palatini?

Answer 29

V3 (mandibular branch of trigeminal)

Question 30

What nerve innervates the levator veli palatini?

Answer 30

X, pharyngeal plexus

Question 31

What is the function of the tensor veli palatini?

Answer 31

Tenses soft palate and acts on pharyngotympanic tube for depressurizing middle ear

Question 32

What is the function of the levator veli palatini?

Answer 32

Elevates tensed palate and acts on pharyngotympanic tube

Question 33

What muscle is found directly anterior to the superior constrictor?

Answer 33

Buccinator

Question 34

What does paralysis of either or both the tensor and levator veli palatini muscles cause?

Answer 34

Reflux of oral contents into nasal cavity and pharyngotympanic tube dysfunction

Question 35

What is Waldeyer’s lymphatic ring composed of? Where does this drain to?

Answer 35

Palatine, pharyngeal, and lingual tonsils; drains to deep cervical lymph nodes

Question 36

What is the function of the pharyngeal plexus as far as sensation goes?

Answer 36

Sensory innervation of the oropharynx and laryngopharynx from CN IX and CN X, respectively

Question 37

What is the nasopharynx above the pharyngotympanic tube and the torus tubarius innervated by?

Answer 37

V2 (maxillary branch of trigeminal)