Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Neuro Exam 1 - JLJ > Triangles of the Neck and Larynx > Flashcards

Triangles of the Neck and Larynx Flashcards

(73 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What structures are found at the level of C3-C4?

A

Body of hyoid bone, upper margin of thyroid cartilage, and bifurcation of common carotid artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What structures are found at the level of C5-C6?

A

Arch of cricoid cartilage, superior end of esophagus, and superior end of trachea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the boundaries of the anterior triangle?

A

Midline of the neck, sternocleidomastoid, and lower border of mandible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the boundaries of the posterior triangle?

A

Sternocleidomastoid, trapezius, and clavicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the different triangles of the anterior triangle?

A

Submandibular, submental, carotid, and muscular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the boundaries of the submandibular triangle?

A

Anterior/posterior belly of digastric and inferior border of mandible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the boundaries of the submental triangle?

A

Midline of the neck, anterior belly of the digastric, and body of the hyoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the boundaries of the carotid triangle?

A

Posterior belly of digastric, superior belly of omohyoid, and sternocleidomastoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the boundaries of the muscular triangle?

A

Body of hyoid, superior belly of omohyoid, and median plane of the neck and sternocleidomastoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What makes up the floor of the posterior triangle?

A

Semispinalis capitis, splenius capitis, levator scapula, and posterior/middle/anterior scalenes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the contents of the posterior triangle?

A

Arteries: transverse cervical, suprascapular, dorsal scapular, part of occipital, and subclavian

Veins: external jugular and subclavian

Nerves: lesser occipital, great auricular, transverse cervical, suprascapular, spinal accessory, phrenic, roots of brachial plexus, and ansa cervicalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the branches of the thyrocervical trunk?

A

Inferior thyroid, transverse cervical, dorsal scapular, and suprascapular arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which veins join to become the external jugular vein?

A

Posterior retromandibular and posterior auricular veins, anterior to SCM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The subclavian vein joins with what vein to form the brachiocephalic vein?

A

Internal jugular vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What nerves make up Erb’s Point?

A

Lesser occipital, great auricular, transverse cervical, and suprascapular nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The skin and sheath over the parotid gland, mastoid process, auricle, and angle of the mandible is innervated by what nerve?

A

Great auricular nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The skin over the clavicle and over the shoulder is innervated by what nerve?

A

Supraclavicular nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The skin of the neck and scalp posterior to the auricle is innervated by what nerve?

A

Lesser occipital nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The skin of the anterior cervical region is innervated by what nerve?

A

Transverse cervical nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What nerve innervates the trapezius?

A

Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What nerve innervates the diaphragm?

A

Phrenic nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The ansa cervicalis is found in what structure?

A

Fascia of carotid sheath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Why is the spinal accessory nerve clinically significant?

A

Can be easily damaged due to traumas or even during simple procedures such as biopsy of a lymph node; also the most commonly cut nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is torticollis?

A

Contraction or shortening of SCM that causes the head to tilt toward and the face to turn away from the affected side; can be associated with damage to the spinal accessory nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What are the contents of the occipital triangle?
Part of EJV, posterior branches of cervical plexus, spinal accessory nerve (CNXI), trunks of brachial plexus, cervicodorsal trunk, and cervical lymph node
26
What are the contents of the omoclavicular (subclavian) triangle?
Third part of subclavian artery, suprascapular artery, part of subclavian vein, and supraclavicular lymph nodes
27
What divides the posterior triangle into its subtriangles, the occipital and omoclavicular triangles?
Inferior belly of omohyoid
28
What are the suprahyoid muscles and what is their function?
Mylohyoid, stylohyoid, digastric, and geniohyoid muscles; elevate the hyoid and larynx
29
What are the infrahyoid muscles and what is their function?
Sternohyoid, omohyoid, sternothyroid, and thyrohyoid muscles; depress the hyoid and larynx
30
Where would you find the carotid sinus and carotid body and what is their function, respectively?
Carotid Sinus: proximal part of ICA (internal carotid artery); baroreceptor Carotid Body: cleft between ICA and ECA; chemoreceptor
31
What are the branches off the ECA?
Superior thyroid, lingual, facial, ascending pharyngeal, occipital, posterior auricular, maxillary, and superficial temporal arteries
32
What are the contents of the submandibular triangle?
Submandibular gland, submandibular lymph nodes, hypoglossal nerve (CN XII), mylohyoid nerve, and parts of facial artery and vein
33
What are the contents of the submental triangle?
Submental lymph nodes and small veins that unite to form the anterior jugular vein
34
What makes up the floor of the submandibular triangle?
Mylohyoid, hypoglossus, and middle pharyngeal constrictor
35
What makes up the floor of the submental triangle?
Mylohyoid muscles
36
What are the muscles of the muscular triangle?
Sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid
37
What are the contents of the muscular triangle?
Viscera: thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, larynx, trachea, esophagus Arteries: common carotid, superior/inferior thyroids Veins: anterior jugular, superior/middle/inferior thyroids Nerves: ansa cervicalis, external laryngeal, recurrent laryngeal
38
What makes up the floor of the carotid triangle?
Thyrohyoid, hypoglossus, middle/inferior constrictor muscles of the pharynx
39
What is found in the carotid sheath?
Common and internal carotid arteries, IJV, vagus nerve, deep cervical lymph nodes, carotid sinus nerve, and sympathetic nerve fibers
40
What are the contents of the carotid triangle?
Carotid sheath, branches of the external carotid artery, internal/external laryngeal nerves, hypoglossal nerve, spinal accessory nerve, and ansa cervicalis
41
What are the branches of the vagus nerve (CNX)?
Pharyngeal branch, superior laryngeal branch (which branches into internal/external branches), and carotid body branch
42
The superior thoracic aperture where arteries and nerves emerge is called what?
Thoracic outlet
43
The superior thoracic aperture where food and air may enter is called what?
Thoracic inlet
44
What are the contents of the thoracic outlet/inlet?
Apex of lung, subclavian artery/vein, brachial plexus, vagus nerve, phrenic nerve, thoracic duct, right lymphatic duct, sympathetic chain, trachea, and esophagus
45
Why is the phrenic nerve clinically relevant?
It is the sole motor supply to the diaphragm, so it must be identified during thoracic surgery and preserved; because it arises from the neck, patients who suffer spinal cord injuries below the neck are still able to breathe effectively despite any paralysis of the lower limbs
46
What are the nerves from the cervical plexus?
Meningeal nerve (C1-2), superior/inferior root of ansa cervicalis (C1-3), and phrenic nerve (C3-5) *Cervical plexus is C1-4, so phrenic nerve has roots from cervical plexus (C3-4) and brachial plexus (C5)*
47
What is found at the level of C1-C2?
Superior cervical ganglion
48
What structure extends superiorly to C1 or to the base of the skull?
Sympathetic trunk
49
What is found at the level of C6 and the cricoid cartilage?
Middle cervical ganglion *Smallest of 3 ganglion*
50
What is found anterior to the transverse process of C7? Why is this significant?
Inferior cervical ganglion; in 80% of people, it fuses with the 1st thoracic ganglion and is then termed the stellate (cervicothoracic) ganglion
51
What are the contents of the superficial fascia, what is the function of the muscle found here, and what nerve innervates this muscle?
Cutaneous nerves, blood and lymph vessels, superficial lymph nodes, fat, and platysma muscle; platysma is the muscle of facial expression and is innervated by the facial nerve (CNVII)
52
What are the 3 layers of the deep cervical fascia and where can you find each layer?
Investing Layer: most superficial, surrounds entire neck Pretracheal Layer: located only in the anterior region of the neck and blends with fibrous pericardium of heart Prevertebral Layer: encloses vertebral column and associated muscles, extends laterally as the axillary sheath into the arm, and extends from the cranial base to the mediastinum
53
Why is the retropharyngeal space clinically significant?
Can get abscesses that develop secondary to lymphatic drainage or spread of upper respiratory or oral infections; when this space swells is can cause difficulty in swallowing and speaking and can be life threatening
54
What structure is found at vertebral levels C5-T1?
Thyroid
55
What structure is found at vertebral levels C3-C6?
Larynx
56
Where would you find the laryngeal cavity?
Extends from laryngeal inlet, communicates with the laryngopharynx, to the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage; continuous with trachea
57
Where would you find the laryngeal vestibule?
Between laryngeal inlet and vestibular folds
58
Where would you find the laryngeal ventricle?
Between the vestibular and vocal folds
59
Where would you find the infraglottic cavity?
Between vocal folds and the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage
60
Where would you find the rima glottidis?
Space between the vocal folds
61
These are known as the false vocal cords?
Vestibular folds
62
These are known as the true vocal cords?
Vocal folds
63
What is the innervation and function of the cricothyroid muscle?
External laryngeal nerve (from CN X); stretches and tenses vocal ligament
64
What is the innervation and function of the thyro-arytenoid muscle?
Inferior laryngeal nerve (terminal part of recurrent laryngeal nerve from CN X); relaxes vocal ligament
65
What is the innervation and function of the posterior crico-arytenoid muscle?
Inferior laryngeal nerve (terminal part of recurrent laryngeal nerve from CN X); abducts vocal folds *only ABductor*
66
What is the innervation and function of the lateral crico-arytenoid muscle?
Inferior laryngeal nerve (terminal part of recurrent laryngeal nerve from CN X); adducts vocal folds
67
What is the innervation and function of the transverse and oblique arytenoid muscles?
Inferior laryngeal nerve (terminal part of recurrent laryngeal nerve from CN X); adducts arytenoid cartilages
68
What is the innervation and function of the vocalis muscle?
Inferior laryngeal nerve (terminal part of recurrent laryngeal nerve from CN X); relaxes posterior vocal ligament while maintaining (or increasing) tension of the anterior part
69
Above the vocal folds, the larynx is supplied by what artery and nerve? What about below the vocal folds?
Above: superior laryngeal artery and internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve Below: inferior laryngeal artery and inferior laryngeal nerve
70
There are 5 groups of lymph nodes that form a ring around the head and drain the face and scalp. What are the 5 groups?
Occipital, mastoid, pre-auricular and parotid, submandibular, and submental
71
What group of lymph nodes drains to the superficial cervical lymph nodes? Deep cervical lymph nodes?
Superficial: occipital and mastoid Deep: pre-auricular and parotid, submandibular, and submental
72
What are the superficial and deep cervical lymph nodes?
Superficial: nodes along EJV; eventually drain into deep cervical nodes Deep: nodes along IJV; divided into superior and inferior nodes; superior is called jugulodigastric and inferior is called jugulo-omohyoid
73
What does the right lymphatic duct drain? Left?
Right: right side of head, neck, chest, and right UE Left: literally everything else including LE

Neuro Exam 1 - JLJ (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions