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Emma H&N II > Oral Cavity & Pharynx > Flashcards

Oral Cavity & Pharynx Flashcards

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1
Q

important structure at base of medial pterygoid

A

hamulus

forms pulley for tensor veli palatini

is the upper origin of pterygomandibular raphe

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2
Q

pterygoid fovea

A

depression on internal mandible just below neck of condyloid process

insertion of lateral pterygoid m.

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3
Q

mandibular tori

A

bony outgrowths on lingual surface of mandible

usually bilateral and asymptomatic, can affect speech if meet in middle

assoc w/ tooth grinding (bruxism)

may present w. palatine tori (torsos palatinus)

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4
Q

Unique feature of dental pulp sensory nerves

A

nociception only (no pressure, heat, cold)

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5
Q

apical foramen

A

at base of tooth

  • superior or inferior alveolar n. (V2 or V3)
  • sympathetic n. for blood vessels
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6
Q

pharyngeal tonsil

A

found in the posterior wall and roof of the nasopharynx

"tubal"= near eustachian tube
"adenoid"= enlarged
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7
Q

oral cavity/oropharynx boundary

A

palatoglossal arch

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8
Q

palatine tonsils are found in the _____

A

oropharynx

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9
Q

arteries supplying tonsils

A
  • descending palatine (maxillary)
  • ascending pharyngeal a. (ECA)
  • ascending palatine (facial)
  • tonsillar (facial)
  • dorsal lingual a.
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10
Q

transverse palatine folds

A

“palatine rugae”

unique, fixed pattern (forensics)

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11
Q

5 m. of soft palate

A
  • tensor veli palatini (CN V3)
  • levator veli palatini
  • uvula
  • palatopharyngeus
  • palatoglossus
    ^ (CN X)
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12
Q

palatoglossus functions

A
  • elevates tongue, pulls down soft palate (seals oropharynx)
  • velar constants (K sound)
  • isolates vestibule saliva
  • assists in swallowing

CN X

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13
Q

uvula functions

A
  • uvular constants

- seals nasopharynx during swallowing

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14
Q

uvula variations

A
  • elongated (snoring?)
  • shortened
  • bifid
    ^(may lead to middle ear infections due to nasal regurgitation)
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15
Q

Damage to CN X on L side leads to uvula deviation to ___

A

RIGHT

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16
Q

All m. of soft palate are innervated by CN X, with the exception of _____

A

tensor veli palatini (V3)

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17
Q

Most of the tensor veli palatini is behind which bone

A

medial pterygoid plate

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18
Q

levator veli palatini

A

elevates palate

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19
Q

scaphoid fossa

A

just above pterygoid fossa, lateral to medial pterygoid plate

close proximity to pharyngotympanic groove

origin of tensor veli palatini

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20
Q

tensor veli palatini

A

flattens/tenses palate when swallowing

opens auditory (Eustachian) tube (middle ear pressure equilibration)

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21
Q

torus tubarius

A

“C” shaped cartilage, bulges around the opening to the eustachian tube

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22
Q

palate sensory innervation

A
  • nasopalatine n. (front area, thru sphenopalatine canal –> incisive canal)
  • greater palatine n. (hard)
  • lesser palatine n. (soft)
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23
Q

structure on inner cheek opposite to 2nd maxillary molar

A

parotid papilla (parotid duct opening)

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24
Q

alveolar mucosa/gingiva innervation (external)

A

maxillary

  • infraorbital n.
  • post/mid/ant superior alveolar n.

mandibular

  • inferior alveolar n.
  • buccal n.

go thru apical foramina into teeth AND supply gingiva and mucosa

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25
Which n. supply gingiva on lingual side?
greater palatine n. (maxilla) lingual n. (mandible)
26
labial mucosa innervation
labial br. of infraorbital n. (V2) labial br. of mental n. (V3) buccal br. of V3 (long buccal)
27
Difficulty equilibrating pressure in ear while scuba diving may indicate damage to which m.?
tensor veli palatini
28
tongue functions
- taste (VII, IX, X) - speech - food manipulation/deglutition - absorption (under tongue)
29
extrinsic m. of tongue innervated by CN XII - functions?
- styloglossus (retraction, cupping) - genioglossus (protrusion, depression of center) - hyoglossus (depression) all CN XII all have bony attachments
30
extrinsic m. of tongue not innervated by CN XII
palatoglossus (CN X) retraction, elevation, depression of uvula --> brings tongue and soft palate into contact)
31
intrinsic m. of tongue
have NO bony attachments actions modulate tongue SHAPE lengthen/shorten/curl/flatten
32
CN XII (hypoglossal) n. path
passes superficial to hyoglossus m. and under mylohyoid m. passes external to both carotids crosses OVER occipital a.
33
tongue papillae
Vallate (V-shape) are most obvious Foliate are striations running vertically
34
foramen cecum
surface landmark on tongue down growth of epithelium formed thyroid gland
35
terminal sulcus
divides tongue into anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3 just posterior to vallate papillae
36
looking at infratemporal fossa from outside, the inferior alveolar n. enters mandible and which n. is anterior to it?
lingual n. enters oral cavity
37
geniohyoid innervation
br. of C1, piggybacked on hypoglossus n.
38
____ a. is just medial and deep to hyoglossus m.
LINGUAL a. is just medial and deep to hyoglossus m.
39
lingual n. submandibular duct vena comitans of XII ^ all just lateral to which m.?
hyoglossus
40
tongue blood supply
sublingual a/v deep lingual a/v dorsal lingual a/v lingual a.
41
salivary glands
labial palatine pharyngeal parotid sublingual submandibular collectively secrete 1-1.5 L/day, not when asleep
42
openings for sublingual ducts are at the ________
openings for sublingual ducts are at the SUBLINGUAL FOLD
43
opening of the submandibular duct?
sublingual caruncle
44
the submandibular duct crosses over the ______ n.
the submandibular duct crosses over the LINGUAL n.
45
How are minor salivary glands innervated?
VII greater petrosal n. --> joined by deep petrosal n. --> vidian n. --> pterygopalatine ganglion --> descending palatine n. OR nasopalatine n.
46
Pt has loss of taste in front of tongue and thickening of bones in skull, which region may be compromised?
petrotympanic fissure
47
nasopharynx contents
choanae to inf. margin of soft palate - pharyngeal tonsils - torus tuberias and eustachian tube (cartilaginous) - salpingopharyngeus m. - superior constrictor - tensor and levator veli palatini
48
oropharynx contents
soft palate to epiglottis - palatine tonsil - palatopharyngeus m. - stylopharyngeus m. - superior constrictor - middle constrictor
49
laryngopharynx contents
epiglottis to carotid cartilage | - middle and inferior pharyngeal constrictors
50
pterygomandibular raphe
from hamulus of medial pterygoid plate to mandible origin for buccinator and superior constrictor
51
middle constrictor originates from
hyoid bone (greater horn)
52
Inferior constrictor originates from
oblique line on thyroid cartilage
53
pharyngeal tubercle
bump just anterior to foramen magnum insertion of superior/middle/inferior pharyngeal constrictors via pharyngeal raphe
54
inner longitudinal muscles of pharynx
- salpingopharyngeus - palatopharyngeus - stylopharyngeus function to elevate and shorten (widen) pharynx during swallowing
55
All pharyngeal m. are innervated by CN X except for
stylopharyngeus m. (CN IX)
56
structures passing thru gap above the superior pharyngeal constrictor
- eustachian tube | - levator veli palatini
57
structures passing thru gap between the superior and middle constrictors
- stylohyoid ligament - stylopharyngeus m. - glossopharyngeal n. (IX)
58
structures passing thru gap between the middle and inferior constrictors
- internal laryngeal n. (via superior laryngeal n.) - superior laryngeal a. (via superior thyroid a.) (into thyrohyoid membrane)
59
structures passing thru gap below the inferior constrictor
- recurrent laryngeal n. (X) | - inferior laryngeal a. (via inferior thyroid)
60
m. just above greater horn of hyoid bone
middle pharyngeal constrictor
61
cleft palate can also lead to _________ causing ...
cleft palate can also lead to cleft UVULA can be bifid or short and cause ear infections (food into nasopharynx and into eustachian tube)
62
outer circular layer of muscles of pharynx
superior, middle, inferior constrictors contract sequentially to move food into esophagus all innervated by CN IX
63
_______ ligament passes medial to hyoglossus m.
STYLOHYOID ligament passes medial to hyoglossus m.
64
stylohyoid muscle passes ______ to hyoglossus m.
stylohyoid muscle passes LATERAL to hyoglossus m.
65
to locate CN IX, palpate which bone for orientation?
hyoid bone CN IX passes thru gap between superior constrictor and middle constrictor (and middle constrictor originates off hyoid)

Emma H&N II (49 decks)

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