oral contraceptives Flashcards
(17 cards)
What is the primary mechanism of action of the Combined Oral Contraceptive Pill (COCP)?
Inhibition of Ovulation
The COCP suppresses the release of gonadotropins from the pituitary gland, preventing ovulation.
How does the COCP affect cervical mucus?
Thickens the Cervical Mucus
This creates a barrier that makes it more difficult for sperm to reach the egg.
What effect does the COCP have on the endometrium?
Thins the Endometrium
This makes the lining of the uterus less receptive to a fertilized egg.
What medical history factors should be assessed before prescribing the COCP?
- Age
- Smoking status
- History of blood clots
- History of heart disease or stroke
- Blood pressure
- Diabetes
- Migraine history
- Breast cancer history
- Breastfeeding status
- Liver disease
- Current medications
- Mental health history
- Known allergies
Each of these factors can influence the risk of side effects or contraindications.
What is the significance of assessing blood pressure before starting the COCP?
High blood pressure needs to be well-controlled
Hypertension affects the WHO-MEC eligibility for COCP.
What is the recommended starting method for the COCP?
The pill can be started on any day of the cycle (Quick Start)
However, 7 days of alternative contraception is required.
What should patients be instructed about taking the COCP?
Consume one pill daily, ideally at the same time each day
Patients should also understand the difference between the 21-day and 28-day pill packs.
What should a patient do if they miss one or more COCP pills?
Take the next pill as soon as possible
The specific actions depend on where they are in the packet.
What is the recommendation for backup contraception when starting the COCP?
Use an additional method of contraception during the first week or if two or more pills are missed
This ensures protection against pregnancy.
What are some common side effects of the COCP?
- Breakthrough Bleeding (BTB)
- Changes to Your Periods
- Headaches
- Nausea
- Breast Tenderness
- Mood Changes
- Increased Blood Pressure
These side effects are often short term, especially when starting the pill.
What is a common side effect of the COCP that involves bleeding?
Breakthrough Bleeding (BTB)
Spotting or light bleeding between periods is common, especially in the first few months.
What should be done if breakthrough bleeding continues for more than 3 months?
Advise the patient to return for assessment
Other causes of irregular bleeding should be excluded.
What is the primary mechanism of action of the Progesterone Only Pill (POP)?
Thickening the cervical mucus
This makes it harder for sperm to enter the uterus.
What are the contraindications for prescribing the POP?
- Unexplained vaginal bleeding
- Severe Liver disease
- Current Breast cancer
These conditions can affect the safety and efficacy of the POP.
What is the recommended timing for starting the POP?
On the 1st or 2nd day of their period
This timing helps ensure contraceptive efficacy.
What is the importance of taking the POP at the same time every day?
There is a two-hour window for effectiveness
Consistency helps maintain contraceptive reliability.
What should patients do if they miss a dose of the POP?
Take another pill and use backup contraception for 48 hours
This is necessary if they vomit within three hours of taking the pill.
