OralHisto Prelims Exam Lec Flashcards
(141 cards)
1
Q
what week is fetal period
A
4-12th week
2
Q
median tongue bud
A
tuberculum impar
3
Q
as the zygote travels down the ______ it undergoes?
A
- oviduct
- cleavage without increasing its size
4
Q
what branchial arch:
epiglottis
A
4th branchial arch
5
Q
inner cell mass arises into
A
embryo
6
Q
the inner cell mass differentiates into the?
A
bilaminar germ disc
7
Q
triangular median swelling
A
tuberculum impar
8
Q
specialized type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, creating 4 haploid cells, each genetically distinct from the parent cell
A
meiosis
9
Q
inner cell mass
A
embryoblast
10
Q
stacked bilateral swellings of tissue inferior to the stomodeum
A
pharyngeal arches
11
Q
when cells realign themselves to form a fluid-filled hollow ball, it is called?
(a cavity)
A
blastocyst
12
Q
most facial structures develops through
A
fusion
13
Q
the lateral nasal processes forms the?
A
ala of the nose
14
Q
the pharyngeal arches is covered by?
A
ectoderm
15
Q
indicates the fusion of the palatal shelves
A
median palatine raphe
16
Q
sperm binding
A
sperm glycosyltransferases and ZP3 receptors on Zona Pellucida
17
Q
what is the temporary structure that separates the stomodeum from the primitive pharynx
A
oropharyngeal membrane
18
Q
a process of cell duplication or reproduction during which one cell gives rise to 2 genetically identical daughter cells
A
mitosis
19
Q
vertebra, ribs, rib cage
A
sclerotome
20
Q
forms within each side of the arch
A
Meckel’s cartilage
21
Q
facial development includes the formations of:
A
primitive mouth (stomodeum)
mandibular arch
maxillary process
frontonasal process
nose
22
Q
the mandibular arch gives rise to?
A
lower face (including lower lip)
mandibular teeth
muscles of mastication
tongue
23
Q
when the median nasal processes fuse together externally, it forms the?
A
root to apex of the nose
tubercle of the upper lip
philtrum
24
Q
inverted v-shaped groove that marks the fusion of the body and base of the tongue
A
sulcus terminalis
25
action of 1 group of cells on another that leads to the establishment of the developmental pathway in the responding tissue
induction
26
the frontonasal process gives rise to?
upper face
forehead
nose bridge
primary palate
nasal septum
medial nasal process
27
the intermaxillary segment gives rise to:
philtrum
premaxillary part of the maxilla (incisors)
primary palate
28
fertilization occurs in?
the ampulla of the uterine tube
29
what happens to the zona pellucida prior to implantation
becomes stretched, thinned out and gradually disappears
30
true or false:
most processes are formed from mesenchyme provided by the neural crest cells
true
31
bilaminar germ disc
epiblast (ectoderm)
hypoblast (endoderm)
32
series of mesodermal thickenings appear on the lateral wall
buccopharyngeal membrane
33
change in identical embryonic cells to become distinct structurally and functionally
differentiation
34
what structure is prominent in the cephalic end
buccopharyngeal membrane
35
outer part of the nasal pits
lateral nasal processes
36
on what week does palatal development start
5th week
37
what separates the primitive pharynx from the stomodeum
buccopharyngeal membrane
38
what creates the new embryonic layer mesoderm
mesenchyme
39
distal tongue buds
lateral lingual swellings
40
before the trophoblast begins to implant the blastocyst into the uterine endometrium, it differentiates into?
syncytiotrophoblast
41
rounded areas of specialized, thickened ectoderm found at the location of the developing special sense organs
placodes
42
when the embryo consists of 16-32 cells it is called?
morula
43
develops from independent swellings located internally on the floor of the primitive pharynx
tongue
44
first 8 weeks
embryonic period
45
the first event in the development of the face (4th week prenatal)
disintegration of the membrane
46
attainment of adult function and size due to proliferation, differentiation, and morphogenesis
maturation
47
zygote >
blastula
48
what week does the primitive mouth increase in depth and enlarges
4th week
49
a transient structure that marks the start of gastrulation
primitive streak
50
gives rise to the primary palate
intermaxillary segment
51
this indicates where the mandible is formed by fusion of right and left mandibular processes
mandibular symphysis
52
musculature of the back ribs and limbs
myotome
53
initially located between these adjacent swellings due to proliferation, differentiation and morphogenesis
cleft/furrow
54
development of specific tissue structures or differing forms due to embryonic cell migration or proliferation and inductive interactions
morphogenesis
55
a central band of cells that extends the length of the embryo
neural plate
56
base of tongue branchial arch
2, 3, 4th B.A.
57
the stomodeum is limited in depth by the?
oropharyngeal membrane
58
body of tongue branchial arch
1st B.A.
59
forms dermis of the back
dermatome
60
when is the start of secondary palate formation
6th week
61
the primitive streak consists of:
primitive groove
primitive node
primitive pit
62
mesoderm divides into paired bodies called?
somites
63
the future mandible is formed from?
mandibular processes that fuse to form the mandibular arch
64
when does the face and other tissues start to form
4th week (embryonic period)
65
serves as a partial separation between the developing oral cavity and nasal cavity
primary palate
66
dorsal cavity between ectoderm and trophoblastic layers lined by mesenchyme
amniotic cavity
67
refers to the folding process in vertebrate embryos
neurulation
68
bulge of tissue in the upper facial area
frontonasal process
69
when placodes submerge, they form a depression in the center of each placode and becomes?
nasal pit (future nasal cavity)
70
a thick loosely reticular layer of cellular material that is secreted between Heusers membrane and the cytotrophoblast
extraembryonic reticulum
71
2 bulges of tissue that appear inferior to the primitive mouth
mandibular process
72
immediately posterior to the fused anterior swellings
copula
73
the membrane that covers the fetal side of the placenta
amnion
74
ventral cavity lined by the primitive mesenchyme on the outside and the endodermal layer
yolk sac
75
the mandibular arch is also considered as?
1st branchial arch
76
what develops during the embryonic period
3 primary germ layers:
ectoderm
mesoderm
endoderm
77
what branchial arch:
copula
3rd branchial arch
78
the part where upper lip and lower lip meet
labial commissure
79
the study of developmental stages that occur during prenatal period
embryology
80
the primitive pharynx is caudal to the?
stomodeum
81
involved in the formation of maxillary incisors, primary palate, and nasal septum
intermaxillary segment
82
location of the future anus / terminal end of the digestive tract
cloacal membrane
83
where is growth initially most rapid
upper face (to keep up with the development of the brain)
84
cleavage subdivides the large zygote into many smaller daughter cells called
blastomeres
85
those who form the wall of the blastocyst retain their membranes and constitute the?
cytotrophoblast
86
transmits septal growth 'pull&thrust' to facial bones as it expands its vertical length
nasal septum
87
five secondary brain vesicles
telencephalon
diencephalon
mesencephalon
metencephalon
myelencephalon
88
outer cell mass
trophoblast
89
what process results in the formation of the neural tube
neurulation
90
placodes that are located anterior of the frontonasal process
nasal placodes
91
cells from the hypoblast begin to migrate to the embryonic pole, beneath the cytotrophoblast;
former blastocyst cavity
Heusers membrane
92
what does the 2 medial nasal processes form when they fuse internally
intermaxillary segment
93
a series of rapid mitotic
(without cell growth)
cleavage
94
refers to the number of copies of each unique double-stranded DNA molecule in the nucleus
n number
95
develops on each side of the tuberculum impar
lateral lingual swellings
96
cephalic end is?
caudal end is?
head
tail
97
the pharyngeal arches is lined by?
endoderm
98
this process occurs during week 3 of human development
gastrulation
99
somites differentiates into:
sclerotome
myotome
dermatome
100
what is it called when most of the cartilage disappears as the mandible is formed
intramembranous ossification
101
what develops from the interactions of the trophoblast layer and endometrial tissue
placenta
102
the cranial boundary of the stomodeum
frontonasal process
103
dorsal segments of the paraxial mesoderm which gives rise to skeletal muscle, the vertebral column and parts of the dermis
somites
104
forehead ceases to grow at what age
12
105
adjacent swellings on each side of the stomodeum following the increased growth of the mandibular arch
maxillary processes
106
what branchial arches forms the tongue
1-4 branchial arches
107
secondary palate gives rise to:
posterior 2/3 of the hard palate
soft palate
uvula
108
the process of union of gametes
fertilization
109
blastula >
trophoblast
inner cell mass
110
stages of development
(embryogenesis)
1. fertilization
2. cleavage
3. gastrulation
4. organogenesis
5. maturation
111
this process is at the most cephalic end of the embryo
frontonasal process
112
how many pairs of pharyngeal arches
6
113
the neural tube gives rise to?
spinal cord
brain
114
superficial demarcation of the line of fusion of the 2 lateral lingual swellings
median lingual sulcus
115
hypoblast characteristics
ventral
flat, polyhedral
116
mature sperm cell parts
1. acrosome
2. head (nucleus)
3. connecting piece (mitochondria)
4. tail
117
fusion of both maxillary processes externally
upper lip
118
controlled cellular growth & accumulation of byproducts
proliferation
119
what branchial arch:
foramen cecum
2nd branchial arch
120
a shallow depression in the posterior dorsal midline of the tongue that is the remnant of the more cranial part of the embryonic duct from which the thyroid gland develops
foramen cecum
121
development of organs
organogenesis
122
epiblast characteristics
dorsal
tall columnar
123
the primitive pharynx is cranial most part of the?
foregut
124
3 consecutive stages of the palatal development
1. formation of the primary palate
2. formation of the secondary palate
3. completion of the final palate
125
what structure is prominent in the caudal end
cloacal membrane
126
main cell in neurolation
neural crest cells
127
initially located fishlike on each side of the frontonasal process
lens placodes
128
button-like that later develop into olfactory epithelium
nasal placodes
129
inner cell mass >
epiblast
hypoblast
130
this process will form the midface, sides of upper lip, cheeks, secondary palate, posterior part of the maxilla, canine, posterior teeth, and associated tissue
maxillary processes
131
2 crescent-shaped swellings located between the nasal pits
median nasal process
132
trophoblast arises into?
placenta
133
invagination of epiblast cells
gastrulation
134
what is the produce of the union of sperm and ovum (gametes)
zygote
(mononucleated cell)
135
a prenatal organ that joins the pregnant female and the developing embryo
placenta
136
the mandibular process consists of:
mesenchyme (neural crest cells)
137
stages of implantation
1. hatching
2. apposition
3. adhesion
4. invasion
138
seen at the midline surface of mature bony mandible
mandibular symphysis
139
some proliferating trophoblast cells lose their membranes and forms what?
syncytium
140
what does the pharyngeal arches support
primitive pharynx
141
it provides an embryo with nourishment
yolk sac
