Organ Systems

Question 1

What are the major organs in the Integumentary system?

Answer 1

Skin, hair, nails; cutaneous sense organs and glands

Question 2

What are the major organs in the Skeletal system?

Answer 2

Bones, cartilages, tendons, ligaments, and joints

Question 3

What are the major organs in the muscular system?

Answer 3

Muscles attached to the skeleton

Question 4

What are the major organs in the Nervous system?

Answer 4

Brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors

Question 5

What are the major organs in the Endocrine system?

Answer 5

Pituitary, thymus, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, and pineal glands; ovaries, testes, and pancreas

Question 6

What are the major organs in the Cardiovascular system?

Answer 6

Heart and blood vessels

Question 7

What are the major organs in the Lymphatic system?

Answer 7

Lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus

Question 8

What are the major organs in the Respiratory system?

Answer 8

Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs

Question 9

What are the major organs in the Digestive system?

Answer 9

Oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, and accessory structures (teeth, salivary glands, liver, and pancreas)

Question 10

What are the major organs in the Urinary system?

Answer 10

Kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra

Question 11

What are the major organs in the Reproductive system?

Answer 11

Male: testes, prostate gland, scrotum, penis, and duct system which carries sperm to body exterior
Female: ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, mammary glands, and vagina

Question 12

What is the purpose of the Integumentary system?

Answer 12

Protects deeper organs from mechanical, chemical, and bacterial injury, and from drying out
Excretes salts and urea
Aids in regulation of body temperature
Produces vitamin D

Question 13

What is the purpose of the Skeletal system?

Answer 13

Body support and protection of internal organs
Provides levers for muscular action
Cavities provide a site for blood cell formation
Bones store minerals

Question 14

What is the purpose of the Muscular system?

Answer 14

Primary function = contract or shorten, allows locomotion, grasping and manipulation of environment, and facial expressions
Generates heat

Question 15

What is the purpose of the Nervous system?

Answer 15

Allows body to detect changes in its internal and external environment and to respond to such information by activating appropriate muscles or glands
Helps maintain homeostasis of the body via rapid transmission of electrical signals

Question 16

What is the purpose of the Endocrine system?

Answer 16

Helps Maintain homeostasis, promotes growth and development; produces chemical messengers called hormones that travel in the blood to exert their effect(s) on various target organs of the body

Question 17

What is the purpose of the Cardiovascular system?

Answer 17

Primary: transport system that carries blood containing oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes, ions, hormones, and other substances to and from the tissue cells where exchanges are made; blood is propelled through the blood vessels by the pumping action of the heart
Antibodies and other protein molecules in blood protect the body

Question 18

What is the purpose of the Lymphatic system?

Answer 18

Picks up fluid leaked from the blood vessels and returns it to the blood
Cleanses blood of pathogens and other debris
Houses lymphocytes that act via the immune response to protect the body from foreign substances

Question 19

What is the purpose of the Respiratory system?

Answer 19

Keeps the blood continuously supplied with oxygen while removing carbon dioxide
Contributes to the acid-base balance of the blood

Question 20

What is the purpose of the Digestive system?

Answer 20

Breaks down ingested foods to smaller particles, which can be absorbed into the blood for delivery to the body cells
Undirected residue removed from the body as feces

Question 21

What is the purpose of the Urinary system?

Answer 21

Rids the body of nitrogen-containing wastes including urea, Uris acid, and ammonia, which result from the breakdown of proteins and nuclei acids
Maintains water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance of blood

Question 22

What is the purpose of the Reproductive system?

Answer 22

Provides gametes called sperm for perpetuation of species
Provides gametes called eggs; the uterus houses the developing fetus until birth; mammary glands provide nutrition for the infant

Question 23

Where is the Pituitary gland and what does it do?

Answer 23

“Master Gland” at the base of the brain
Produces hormones that regulate growth and reproductive development
Manages the thyroid and adrenal glands and gonads
Manages kidneys, uterus, and breasts

Question 24

Where is the Thymus and what does it do?

Answer 24

Part of the lymphatic system, in the chest between the lungs (inferior to Thyroid)
Makes T-cells (white blood cells) that fight infection

Question 25

Where is the Thyroid and what does it do?

Answer 25

Above clavicle on the trachea An endocrine gland that produces hormones to control metabolism

Question 26

Where is the Parathyroid and what does it do?

Answer 26

Pea-sized glands located behind the thyroid Main job is to produce PTH (parathyroid hormone) that controls calcium in the blood

Question 27

Where are the Adrenal Glands and what do they do?

Answer 27

Also known as suprarenal (Supra-Renal) Glands on top of each of the two kidneys Produces hormones that regulate - Metabolism - Immune system - Blood pressure - Response to stress - Development of sexual characteristics

Question 28

Where is the Pineal gland and what does it do?

Answer 28

Gland in the brain Secretes melatonin which helps control the circadian cycle of sleep and wakefulness

Question 29

Where is the Pancreas and what does it do?

Answer 29

Under the Stomach/Liver Makes substances that help with digestion Makes hormones that control sugar in the bloodstream

Question 30

Where is the Spleen and what does it do?

Answer 30

Around the left side of the stomach Part of the lymphatic system, it stores blood, filters it to remove waste, and makes white blood cells and antibodies to fight infections

Question 31

Where is the Pharynx and what does it do?

Answer 31

Superior to the larynx (back of throat) Supports respiratory and digestive systems

Question 32

Where is the Larynx and what does it do?

Answer 32

Inferior to pharynx The “voice box” To trachea

Question 33

Where is the Trachea and what does it do?

Answer 33

Inferior to larynx, anterior to esophagus Connects larynx to bronchi

Question 34

Where are the Bronchi and what do they do?

Answer 34

Two tubes carrying air from the trachea to the lungs